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Reduced Mechanism for Combustion of Ammonia and Natural Gas Mixtures

Author

Listed:
  • Aniket R. Khade

    (Flutura, 5858 Westheimer Suite 405, Houston, TX 77057, USA)

  • Vijaya D. Damodara

    (John Zink Hamworthy Combustion, 11920 E Apache St., Tulsa, OK 74116, USA)

  • Daniel H. Chen

    (Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA)

Abstract

A fuel mixture of ammonia and natural gas as a low-carbon alternative for future power generation and transportation is an attractive option. In this work, a 50-species reduced mechanism, NH 3 NG, suitable for computational fluid dynamics simulations (CFD), is developed for ammonia–natural gas cofiring while addressing important emission issues, such as the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx), soot, carbon monoxide, and unburnt methane/ammonia. The adoption of reduced mechanisms is imperative not only for saving computer storage and running time but also for numerical convergence for practical applications. The NH 3 NG reduced mechanism can predict soot emission because it includes soot precursor species. Further, it can handle heavier components in natural gas, such as ethane and propane. The absolute error is 5% for predicting NOx and CO emissions compared to the full Modified Konnov mechanism. Validation with key performance parameters (ignition delay, laminar flame speed, adiabatic temperature, and NOx and CO emissions) indicates that the predictions of the reduced mechanism NH 3 NG are in good agreement with published experimental data. The average prediction error of 13% for ignition delay is within typical experimental data uncertainties of 10–20%. The predicted adiabatic temperatures are within 1 °C. For laminar flame speed, the R 2 between prediction and data is 0.985. NH 3 NG over-predicts NOx and CO emissions, similar to all other literature methods, but the NOx predictions are closer to the experimental data.

Suggested Citation

  • Aniket R. Khade & Vijaya D. Damodara & Daniel H. Chen, 2023. "Reduced Mechanism for Combustion of Ammonia and Natural Gas Mixtures," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:5:y:2023:i:2:p:25-496:d:1121756
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Trop, P. & Goricanec, D., 2016. "Comparisons between energy carriers' productions for exploiting renewable energy sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 155-161.
    2. Dan Fernandes & Song Wang & Qiang Xu & Russel Buss & Daniel Chen, 2019. "Process and Carbon Footprint Analyses of the Allam Cycle Power Plant Integrated with an Air Separation Unit," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-16, October.
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