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Challenges and Adverse Effects of Wearing Face Masks in the COVID-19 Era

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  • Francis Gyapong

    (West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
    Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana)

  • Ethel Debrah

    (West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
    Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana)

  • Maame Oforiwaa

    (West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
    Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana)

  • Abiola Isawumi

    (West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
    Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana)

  • Lydia Mosi

    (West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
    Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana)

Abstract

Background: The use of face masks was a significant part of the WHO COVID-19 preventive protocols. While their usage has been effective, lack of adherence by individuals has been associated with discomfort and adverse side effects. This might facilitate unnecessary exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby increasing the incidence of COVID-19. This study assessed the side effects of prolonged mask-wearing and offers recommendations for present and future pandemics. Methods: Adverse side effects of face masks were evaluated from November 2021 to February 2022 with a structured Google Forms online questionnaire. The survey targeted regular and occasional face mask users around the world. All responders anonymously completed the survey, which included ten structured questions with a sub-section on the effects of the continuous use of face masks. The information obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the data were presented in graphs. Results: Almost 60% (1243) of the 2136 participants indicated discomfort while using face masks. Breathing difficulties and pain around the ears were cited as major causes of discomfort, accounting for 32% and 22%, respectively, of responses. Headaches were reported by 26.8% (572) of the respondents, with 44.6% experiencing one within 1 h of wearing a mask. Nine hundred and eight (908) respondents experienced nasal discomfort, while 412 individuals reported various skin-related discomfort, including excessive sweating around the mouth and acne. Conclusions: This study provides baseline data as to why there was less adherence to face mask use which includes headaches, skin irritation, ear pains, breathing difficulties, sore throat, dry eyes, and increased sweating around the mouth. As a result, this may contribute to an increased risk of infection. While COVID-19 lingers and the management of its undesirable effects persists into the future, it is vital that a superior mask design, concentrating on safety, comfort, and tolerability, be developed.

Suggested Citation

  • Francis Gyapong & Ethel Debrah & Maame Oforiwaa & Abiola Isawumi & Lydia Mosi, 2022. "Challenges and Adverse Effects of Wearing Face Masks in the COVID-19 Era," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jchals:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:67-:d:1007833
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Antonio Scarano & Francesco Inchingolo & Felice Lorusso, 2020. "Facial Skin Temperature and Discomfort When Wearing Protective Face Masks: Thermal Infrared Imaging Evaluation and Hands Moving the Mask," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-9, June.
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