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Drought Stress in Quinoa: Effects, Responsive Mechanisms, and Management through Biochar Amended Soil: A Review

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  • Muhammad Zubair Akram

    (Ph.D. Program in Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
    School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy)

  • Angela Libutti

    (Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy)

  • Anna Rita Rivelli

    (School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy)

Abstract

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa), a highly nutritious pseudocereal, is a promising crop to address global food insecurity challenges intensified by population growth and climate change. However, drought stress remains a significant constraint for quinoa cultivation. The plant exhibits several morphophysiological adaptations to water stress conditions, including root system modifications, reduced growth rate, leaf abscission, and stomatal closure. While these adaptations enhance drought tolerance, they can also negatively impact plant growth, potentially through alterations in root architecture, physiological changes, e.g., stomatal regulations, and anatomical changes. Different studies have suggested that soil amendment with biochar, a pyrolyzed organic material, can improve quinoa growth and productivity under drought stress conditions. Biochar application to the soil significantly enhances soil physiochemical characteristics and maintains plant water status, thereby promoting plant growth and potentially mitigating the negative consequences of drought on quinoa production. This review focuses on the current understanding of quinoa behavior under drought stress and the potential of soil amendment with biochar as a management strategy. We summarize existing research on applying biochar-amended soil to alleviate quinoa drought stress.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Zubair Akram & Angela Libutti & Anna Rita Rivelli, 2024. "Drought Stress in Quinoa: Effects, Responsive Mechanisms, and Management through Biochar Amended Soil: A Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-25, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:8:p:1418-:d:1460651
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nawal Taaime & Khalil El Mejahed & Mariam Moussafir & Rachid Bouabid & Abdallah Oukarroum & Redouane Choukr-Allah & Mohamed El Gharous, 2022. "Early Sowing of Quinoa Cultivars, Benefits from Rainy Season and Enhances Quinoa Development, Growth, and Yield under Arid Condition in Morocco," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer & Hafiz Haider Ali & Walid Soufan & Rashid Iqbal & Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman & Javaid Iqbal & Muhammad Israr & Ayman El Sabagh, 2021. "Potential Effects of Biochar Application for Improving Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Growth and Soil Biochemical Properties under Drought Stress Conditions," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-12, October.
    3. Vasileios Tsolis & Pantelis Barouchas, 2023. "Biochar as Soil Amendment: The Effect of Biochar on Soil Properties Using VIS-NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, Biochar Aging and Soil Microbiology—A Review," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-41, August.
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