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Areas of Agrochemical Deepening Resulting from Long-Term Experiments with Fertilizers—Synthesis Following 20 Years of Annual and Stationary Fertilization

Author

Listed:
  • Mihai Rusu

    (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Mihaela Mihai

    (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Valentin C. Mihai

    (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Lavinia Moldovan

    (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Ovidiu Adrian Ceclan

    (Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, 401100 Turda, Romania)

  • Constantin Toader

    (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Abstract

The paper hereby focuses on the essential field of soil evolution in relation to the effect of long-term fertilization on plant yields and the essential, evolutionary, and impactful changes in their fertility. NP fertilization (by application of ammonium nitrate and concentrated superphosphate) causes a change in soil reaction over time through acidification with increasing N doses, while phosphorus is able to partially mitigate this process. Acidic soil—the typical preluvosol—as a result of adsorbed acidity activation, solubilizes Al ions and may become interested in calcic amendment. Acidification tendencies are also maintained in the amended variants, but to a lesser extent due to the neutralizing capacity of the amendment and the presence of calcium ions. Complex NP fertilization in acid soil (preluvosol) cultivated with wheat can maintain a relatively constant humus content (%), but calcium amendment can cause a reduction of this indicator. In contrast, under maize, due to the effects of conventional tillage and intensive tillage, fertilization contributes to a reduction in this indicator, which is more active against the background of limestone amendment. The phenomenon can be explained by potentiation through the mineralization of the organic component of the soil. This effect is diminished in alluvial mollisol with a higher humus content, saturated in bases, and a buffering capacity. Organic and organo-mineral fertilization can control the modeling of soil humus content and its agrochemical status. The regime of essential elements (N, P, and K) becomes active in mobile forms, and the precarious supply conditions of the initial stage tend to improve. Applied superphosphate evolves, differentiated from the applied dose and pH, into non-occluded mineral forms (P-Al, P-Fe, and P-Ca), which supply the mobile forms in the soil solution for the plants, with the importance of maintaining, more of these forms at the level required by plants. In the case of potassium, the dynamics of its forms in the soil (unchangeable and exchangeable) control the soil supply state of this element and the effect of its application to plants. The data presented show that long-term experiments can effectively support the study of soil fertility through the soil-plant relationship.

Suggested Citation

  • Mihai Rusu & Mihaela Mihai & Valentin C. Mihai & Lavinia Moldovan & Ovidiu Adrian Ceclan & Constantin Toader, 2023. "Areas of Agrochemical Deepening Resulting from Long-Term Experiments with Fertilizers—Synthesis Following 20 Years of Annual and Stationary Fertilization," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:8:p:1503-:d:1204217
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Pavel Dmitriyev & Ivan Fomin & Ivan Zuban & Saltanat Ismagulova & Kirill Ostrovnoy & Zharas Berdenov & Inna Jemaledinova & Irina Golodova, 2024. "The Effect of Using Sapropel Extract on Biometric Indicators and Yield of Beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) in the North Kazakhstan Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-15, July.
    2. Felicia Chețan & Teodor Rusu & Cornel Chețan & Alina Șimon & Ana-Maria Vălean & Adrian Ovidiu Ceclan & Marius Bărdaș & Adina Tărău, 2023. "Application of Unconventional Tillage Systems to Maize Cultivation and Measures for Rational Use of Agricultural Lands," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, November.

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