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Boron Fertilization Alleviates the Adverse Effects of Late Sowing in Wheat under Different Tillage Systems

Author

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  • Muhammad Ijaz

    (College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan
    Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan 60000, Pakistan)

  • Sami Ul-Allah

    (College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan
    Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan 60000, Pakistan)

  • Ahmad Sher

    (College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan
    Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan 60000, Pakistan)

  • Abdul Sattar

    (College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan
    Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan 60000, Pakistan)

  • Khalid Mahmood

    (Nordic Seed/AS, Grindsnabevej, 25, 8300 Odder, Denmark
    Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsogsvej 1, Flakkebjerg, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark)

  • Saud Alamri

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Yasir Ali

    (Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan)

  • Farhan Rafiq

    (College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan)

  • Syed Muhammad Shaharyar

    (College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan)

  • Bader Ijaz

    (College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan)

  • Ijaz Hussain

    (College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan)

Abstract

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple and the most important food crop around the world. The growth and productivity of wheat are influenced by different factors, viz., sowing time, tillage system and nutrient application. The current field experiment consists of different boron (B) application rates, viz., B 0 = No application (Control), B 1 = soil applied (2 kg ha −1 ), B 2 = foliar applied (2 kg ha −1 ), B 3 = water spray; two tillage systems, viz., zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT); and three sowing dates (S 1 = 15 November; S 2 = 5 December and S 3 = 25 December). It was conducted during the years 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 under a split-split plot arrangement. The results showed that sowing dates and boron had beneficial impacts on the growth and productivity of wheat. The wheat crop sown on 15 November showed the highest plant height, chlorophyll contents, grains per spike, and grains’ boron content. Similarly, the application of boron under late sown conditions also improved the plant height (83.8 cm), chlorophyll contents (45.6), biological (5418 kg ha −1 ) and grain (4018 kg ha −1 ) yield as compared to control during both years. Furthermore, the higher crop growth and yield parameters were noted with the foliar application of boron at 2 kg ha −1 . However, wheat crop growth and yield characteristics were not significantly affected by tillage techniques, h. In conclusion, the application of boron @ 2 kg ha −1 could be a suitable option for achieving higher wheat grain yield and productivity under late-sown conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Ijaz & Sami Ul-Allah & Ahmad Sher & Abdul Sattar & Khalid Mahmood & Saud Alamri & Yasir Ali & Farhan Rafiq & Syed Muhammad Shaharyar & Bader Ijaz & Ijaz Hussain, 2023. "Boron Fertilization Alleviates the Adverse Effects of Late Sowing in Wheat under Different Tillage Systems," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:6:p:1229-:d:1168539
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Muhammad Ijaz & Sami Ul-Allah & Abdul Sattar & Ahmad Sher & Ijaz Hussain & Ahmad Nawaz, 2023. "Evaluation of Various Organic Amendment Sources to Improve the Root Yield and Sugar Contents of Sugar Beet Genotypes ( Beta vulgaris L.) under Arid Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, February.
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