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Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek

    (Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland)

  • Daniela Horvat

    (Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia)

  • Marija Viljevac Vuletić

    (Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia)

  • Marija Kovačević Babić

    (Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia)

  • Jan Buczek

    (Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland)

  • Ewa Szpunar-Krok

    (Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland)

Abstract

Cereals are a valuable source of biologically active compounds. Phenolic compounds, of which the phenolic acids (PA) found in cereal grains constitute a significant proportion, are characterized by health-promoting properties largely due to their antioxidant capacity. PA, located mainly in the outer parts of the grain, play an important role in preventing environmental stresses. Triticale is a cereal species of increasing economic value, and also value for human consumption. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of conventional (CONV) and integrated (INTEG) cropping systems on antioxidant activity and content of selected PA in triticale cultivars (Meloman, Panteon, Belcanto) grain. The experiment was conducted in seasons from 2019/2020 to 2021/2022. Among the PA tested, ferulic acid (FER) had the highest contribution to total PA content (TPAs), with 519, 99, and 1115 μg g −1 in whole grain, flour, and bran, respectively. The unfavorable hydrothermal conditions occurring in the seasons (rainfall deficit) increased TPA, mainly in whole grain. Grain cv. Meloman had the highest PA content in whole grain, flour, and bran and cv. Belcanto had the lowest, with differences of 22.7, 18.2, and 15.7% respectively. Cultivation of triticale under the CONV vs. INTEG cropping system resulted in reduced amounts of TPAs in flour and bran and PA: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB) in flour, syringic acid (SYR) in whole grain and bran, and ferulic acid (FER) and sinapic acid (SIN) in bran. The CONV cropping system also caused a decrease in antioxidant activity (AOA) in flour and bran. In most of the cases analyzed, the highest antioxidant activity and content of PA were found in bran, and the lowest were found in flour. The high presence of PA in triticale grain indicates that this cereal, especially when grown under the INTEG cropping system, can be destined for consumption and provide a source of valuable antioxidants for various food and nutraceutical purposes.

Suggested Citation

  • Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek & Daniela Horvat & Marija Viljevac Vuletić & Marija Kovačević Babić & Jan Buczek & Ewa Szpunar-Krok, 2023. "Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping Systems," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:5:p:1078-:d:1150139
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jan Buczek & Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek & Elżbieta Harasim & Cezary A. Kwiatkowski & Ireneusz Kapusta, 2023. "Effect of Cropping Systems and Environment on Phenolic Acid Profiles and Yielding of Hybrid Winter Wheat Genotypes," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek, 2023. "The Influence of Cropping Systems on Photosynthesis, Yield, and Grain Quality of Selected Winter Triticale Cultivars," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-21, July.

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