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Precision Corn Pest Detection: Two-Step Transfer Learning for Beetles (Coleoptera) with MobileNet-SSD

Author

Listed:
  • Edmond Maican

    (Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Adrian Iosif

    (Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Sanda Maican

    (Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, RO-060031 Bucharest, Romania)

Abstract

Using neural networks on low-power mobile systems can aid in controlling pests while preserving beneficial species for crops. However, low-power devices require simplified neural networks, which may lead to reduced performance. This study was focused on developing an optimized deep-learning model for mobile devices for detecting corn pests. We propose a two-step transfer learning approach to enhance the accuracy of two versions of the MobileNet SSD network. Five beetle species (Coleoptera), including four harmful to corn crops (belonging to genera Anoxia , Diabrotica , Opatrum and Zabrus ), and one beneficial ( Coccinella sp.), were selected for preliminary testing. We employed two datasets. One for the first transfer learning procedure comprises 2605 images with general dataset classes ‘Beetle’ and ‘Ladybug’. It was used to recalibrate the networks’ trainable parameters for these two broader classes. Furthermore, the models were retrained on a second dataset of 2648 images of the five selected species. Performance was compared with a baseline model in terms of average accuracy per class and mean average precision (mAP). MobileNet-SSD-v2-Lite achieved an mAP of 0.8923, ranking second but close to the highest mAP (0.908) obtained by MobileNet-SSD-v1 and outperforming the baseline mAP by 6.06%. It demonstrated the highest accuracy for Opatrum (0.9514) and Diabrotica (0.8066). Anoxia it reached a third-place accuracy (0.9851), close to the top value of 0.9912. Zabrus achieved the second position (0.9053), while Coccinella was reliably distinguished from all other species, with an accuracy of 0.8939 and zero false positives; moreover, no pest species were mistakenly identified as Coccinella . Analyzing the errors in the MobileNet-SSD-v2-Lite model revealed good overall accuracy despite the reduced size of the training set, with one misclassification, 33 non-identifications, 7 double identifications and 1 false positive across the 266 images from the test set, yielding an overall relative error rate of 0.1579. The preliminary findings validated the two-step transfer learning procedure and placed the MobileNet-SSD-v2-Lite in the first place, showing high potential for using neural networks on real-time pest control while protecting beneficial species.

Suggested Citation

  • Edmond Maican & Adrian Iosif & Sanda Maican, 2023. "Precision Corn Pest Detection: Two-Step Transfer Learning for Beetles (Coleoptera) with MobileNet-SSD," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-24, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:12:p:2287-:d:1301981
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yonis Gulzar & Zeynep Ünal & Hakan Aktaş & Mohammad Shuaib Mir, 2023. "Harnessing the Power of Transfer Learning in Sunflower Disease Detection: A Comparative Study," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Poonam Dhiman & Amandeep Kaur & V. R. Balasaraswathi & Yonis Gulzar & Ali A. Alwan & Yasir Hamid, 2023. "Image Acquisition, Preprocessing and Classification of Citrus Fruit Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Yong You & Zhaohua Zeng & Jie Zheng & Jianwei Zhao & Fengqiu Luo & Yixin Chen & Miao Xie & Xingang Liu & Hui Wei, 2022. "The Toxicity Response of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) after Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Acetamiprid," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-12, October.
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