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Assessment of Water Productivity Enhancement and Sustainability Potential of Different Resource Conservation Technologies: A Review in the Context of Pakistan

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  • Muhammad Adnan Shahid

    (Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
    Agricultural Remote Sensing Lab (ARSL), National Center of GIS and Space Applications (NCGSA), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary

    (Water Management Research Centre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
    Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

  • Muhammad Usman

    (Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle, 06886 Halle (Saale), Germany)

  • Muhammad Uzair Qamar

    (Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
    Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada)

  • Abdul Shabbir

    (Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

Abstract

Agriculture is the major economic sector in Asian countries and the majority of their population depends on it. In addition to the largest irrigation system in the Indus basin, Pakistan is suffering from water shortages that are affecting the overall crop production of the country. Different resource conservation technologies (RCTs) such as precision land leveling (PLL), raised bed planting (RBP), and different high-efficiency irrigation systems (HEISs) can be opted for better water productivity. In this study, the potential of these RCTs has been explored to enhance production and save irrigation water through their sustainable adoption. Based on studies by different researchers, water savings up to 47% and yield increases up to 35% have been reported under PLL, while water savings up to 50% and about 10–33% yield increases were observed under RBP. Similarly, under different HEISs, water savings up to 80% and yield increases up to 53% have been reported compared with crops sown under conventional farming. Based on the findings of the researchers regarding RCTs, these have been proved as progressive sowing techniques for better productivity under the limited available water scenario. The detailed review in this paper concludes that RCTs resulting in the improvement of gravity irrigation methods, viz., PLL and RBP, have a great potential of adoption and water productivity improvement at the regional scale in developing countries such as Pakistan, while high-cost HEISs can also be promoted at limited scale among progressive farmers for high-value agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Adnan Shahid & Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary & Muhammad Usman & Muhammad Uzair Qamar & Abdul Shabbir, 2022. "Assessment of Water Productivity Enhancement and Sustainability Potential of Different Resource Conservation Technologies: A Review in the Context of Pakistan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:7:p:1058-:d:866550
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Zenobia Talpur & Arjumand Z. Zaidi & Suhail Ahmed & Tarekegn Dejen Mengistu & Si-Jung Choi & Il-Moon Chung, 2023. "Estimation of Crop Water Productivity Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-14, July.

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