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The Impact of Exotic Tamarix Species on Riparian Plant Biodiversity

Author

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  • Kgalalelo Tshimologo Annie Setshedi

    (School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa)

  • Solomon Wakshom Newete

    (School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
    Agricultural Research Council-Soil, Climate and Water (ARC-SCW), Geo-Information Science Division, Private Bag X79, Arcadia, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of exotic Tamarix species on vascular plant biodiversity in riparian ecosystems in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Vegetation was sampled, using 5 m wide belt transects, along the Leeu, Swart, and Olifants riparian areas, which had varying invasion intensities. Each transect was split into three zones (Zone 1: 0–15 m; Zone 2: 15–35, and Zone 3: >35 m), which were identified at each site based on species composition across each riparian zone. Woody plant species were identified, counted, and their heights measured within the transects that were laid out from the waterpoint (Zone 1) outwards (Zone 2 and 3). Herbaceous aerial cover (HAC) was determined subjectively and objectified using the Walker aerial cover scale. Leeu River had the highest species richness (Dmg = 2.79), diversity (H′ = 2.17; −lnλ = 1.91; N1 = 8.76 and α = 4.13), and evenness (J′= 0.80). The Swart River had the lowest species richness, which declined from Dmg = 1.96 (Zone 1) to Dmg = 1.82 (Zone 3). Exotic Tamarix species ranked in the top three most abundant woody vascular plant species along the Swart and Olifants rivers, where they ranked first and third, respectively. The Jaccard’s and Sorenson’s coefficients of similarity indicated that species differed greatly between the different sites, x ¯ < 27% for both indices. The indices also indicated that the Swart River had the lowest level of species distinctness between zones ( x ¯ > 80%) while the Leeu River had the highest level of species distinctness ( x ¯ < 50%) between the different zones. These findings suggest a possible displacement of herbaceous and woody tree species by exotic Tamarix invasion, inter alia, a decrease in ecosystem functions and services associated with the loss in biodiversity, as well as significant bearings on the agricultural ecosystem by reducing the faunal diversity such as crop pollinators, inter alia.

Suggested Citation

  • Kgalalelo Tshimologo Annie Setshedi & Solomon Wakshom Newete, 2020. "The Impact of Exotic Tamarix Species on Riparian Plant Biodiversity," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:9:p:395-:d:409885
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. B.W. van Wilgen & D.M. Richardson & D.C. Le Maitre & C. Marais & D. Magadlela, 2001. "The Economic Consequences of Alien Plant Invasions: Examples of Impacts and Approaches to Sustainable Management in South Africa," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 3(2), pages 145-168, June.
    2. Bradley J. Cardinale & J. Emmett Duffy & Andrew Gonzalez & David U. Hooper & Charles Perrings & Patrick Venail & Anita Narwani & Georgina M. Mace & David Tilman & David A. Wardle & Ann P. Kinzig & Gre, 2012. "Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity," Nature, Nature, vol. 486(7401), pages 59-67, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Anna Kocira & Mariola Staniak, 2021. "Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-6, March.

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