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Effects of Temperatures and Viscosity of the Hydraulic Oils on the Proportional Valve for a Rice Transplanter Based on PID Control Algorithm

Author

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  • Md. Abu Ayub Siddique

    (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
    Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)

  • Wan-Soo Kim

    (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
    Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)

  • Yeon-Soo Kim

    (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
    Convergence Agricultural Machinery Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gimje 54325, Korea)

  • Taek-Jin Kim

    (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
    Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)

  • Chang-Hyun Choi

    (Department of Bio-Mechatronics Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea)

  • Hyo-Jai Lee

    (Department of Bio-Industry Mechanical Engineering, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Chungnam 32439, Korea)

  • Sun-Ok Chung

    (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
    Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)

  • Yong-Joo Kim

    (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
    Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)

Abstract

This study was conducted to develop a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm considering viscosity for the planting depth control system of a rice transplanter using various hydraulic oils at different temperatures and to evaluate the performance of the control algorithm, and compare the performance of the PID control algorithm without considering viscosity and considering viscosity. In this study, the simulation model of the planting depth control system and a PID control algorithm were developed based on the power flow of the rice transplanter (ERP60DS). The primary PID coefficients were determined using the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) second method. Routh’s stability criteria were applied to optimize the coefficients. The pole and double zero points of the PID controller were also applied to minimize the sustained oscillations of the responses. The performance of the PID control algorithm was evaluated for three ISO (The International Organization for Standardization) standard viscosity grade (VG) hydraulic oils (VG 32, 46, and 68). The response characteristics were analyzed using statistical method (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at a significant level of 0.05 were performed through the statistical software SPSS. The results show that the control algorithm considering viscosity is able to control the pressure of the proportional valve, which is associated with the actuator displacement for various types of hydraulic oils. It was noticed that the maximum pressure was 15.405 bars at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C for all of the hydraulic oils. The settling time and steady-state errors were 0.45 s at 100 °C for VG 32 and 0% for all of the conditions. The maximum overshoots were found to be 17.50% at 100 °C for VG 32. On the other hand, the PID control algorithm without considering viscosity could not control the planting depth, because the response was slow and did not satisfy the boundary conditions. The PID control algorithm considering viscosity could sufficiently compensate for the nonlinearity of the hydraulic system and was able to perform for any of temperature-dependent viscosity of the hydraulic oils. In addition, the rice transplanter requires a faster response for accurately controlling and maintaining the planting depth. Planting depth is highly associated with actuator displacement. Finally, this control algorithm considering viscosity could be helpful in minimizing the tilting of the seedlings planted using the rice transplanter. Ultimately, it would improve the transplanter performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Md. Abu Ayub Siddique & Wan-Soo Kim & Yeon-Soo Kim & Taek-Jin Kim & Chang-Hyun Choi & Hyo-Jai Lee & Sun-Ok Chung & Yong-Joo Kim, 2020. "Effects of Temperatures and Viscosity of the Hydraulic Oils on the Proportional Valve for a Rice Transplanter Based on PID Control Algorithm," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-20, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:3:p:73-:d:331576
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yeon-Soo Kim & Pa-Ul Lee & Wan-Soo Kim & Oh-Won Kwon & Chang-Won Kim & Kyeong-Hwan Lee & Yong-Joo Kim, 2019. "Strength Analysis of a PTO (Power Take-Off) Gear-Train of a Multi-Purpose Cultivator during a Rotary Ditching Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-14, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Md Nafiul Islam & Md Zafar Iqbal & Mohammod Ali & Milon Chowdhury & Md Shaha Nur Kabir & Tusan Park & Yong-Joo Kim & Sun-Ok Chung, 2020. "Kinematic Analysis of a Clamp-Type Picking Device for an Automatic Pepper Transplanter," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Md. Abu Ayub Siddique & Seung-Min Baek & Seung-Yun Baek & Wan-Soo Kim & Yeon-Soo Kim & Yong-Joo Kim & Dae-Hyun Lee & Kwan-Ho Lee & Joon-Yeal Hwang, 2021. "Simulation of Fuel Consumption Based on Engine Load Level of a 95 kW Partial Power-Shift Transmission Tractor," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Md. Abu Ayub Siddique & Yong-Joo Kim & Seung-Min Baek & Seung-Yun Baek & Tae-Ho Han & Wan-Soo Kim & Yeon-Soo Kim & Ryu-Gap Lim & Yong Choi, 2022. "Development of the Reliability Assessment Process of the Hydraulic Pump for a 78 kW Tractor during Major Agricultural Operations," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, October.
    4. Yu Wang & Ling Wang & Jianhua Zong & Dongxiao Lv & Shumao Wang, 2021. "Research on Loading Method of Tractor PTO Based on Dynamic Load Spectrum," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-14, October.
    5. Ranbing Yang & Zhichao Wang & Shuqi Shang & Jian Zhang & Yiren Qing & Xiantao Zha, 2022. "The Design and Experimentation of EVPIVS-PID Harvesters’ Header Height Control System Based on Sensor Ground Profiling Monitoring," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-24, February.
    6. Md. Abu Ayub Siddique & Seung-Min Baek & Seung-Yun Baek & Yong-Joo Kim & Ryu-Gap Lim, 2022. "Development, Validation, and Evaluation of Partial PST Tractor Simulation Model for Different Engine Modes during Field Operations," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.

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