IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jadmsc/v14y2024i11p291-d1514585.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Typology of Business Incubators in Spain According to the Stages of Startups Incubation

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Asensio-Ciria

    (Department of Applied Economics I and History and Economic Institutions, Rey Juan Carlos University, Paseo de los Artilleros s/n, 28032 Madrid, Spain)

  • Carmen De-Pablos-Heredero

    (Department of Business Administration (Administration, Management and Organization), Applied Economics II and Fundamentals of Economic Analysis, Rey Juan Carlos University, Paseo de los Artilleros s/n, 28032 Madrid, Spain)

  • Francisco José Blanco Jiménez

    (Department of Applied Economics I and History and Economic Institutions, Rey Juan Carlos University, Paseo de los Artilleros s/n, 28032 Madrid, Spain)

  • Antón García Martínez

    (Animal Science Department, University of Cordoba, Rabanales University Campus, 14071 Cordoba, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of this work was to classify the business incubators in Spain according to the four phases of the startup’s incubation process. Considering that the graduation rate implies greater survival and business success of the incubated companies, they have been identified at each stage of the incubation (spread of entrepreneurship, pre-incubation, advanced incubation, and graduation). The activities that present higher impacts on the success of the incubated companies and the activities carried out by the business incubator that have a greater relevance on the graduation of the companies have concretely been considered. Principal component (PC) cluster analysis has been applied. All the incubation variables were used simultaneously, reducing their number and grouping them into factors. Finally, the cases were grouped according to these latent variables. Principal component analysis reduced dimensionality to eight factors with a 74% explained variance. Factor 1 was positively related to pre-incubation variables; factor 2 was linked to training and collaboration variables within the entrepreneurship diffusion phase. Factor 3, named activity monitoring and control, was related to phase 3, or basic incubation variables. Cluster analysis facilitates the grouping of business incubators into three clusters: Group 1 (16% of the total), incubators with strong deficits in incubation phases 1, 2, and 3. They are small-sized business incubators, often located in rural areas or cities, with a low graduation rate. Group 2 (30%), business incubators with a very high graduation rate and strongly positive values in factors 1 and 2. Factor 3, although positive, is susceptible to improvement. They are the largest group of business incubators and usually located in industrial and technological parks. Group 3 (54%) is the majority, with values close to clusters 2 and 3.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Asensio-Ciria & Carmen De-Pablos-Heredero & Francisco José Blanco Jiménez & Antón García Martínez, 2024. "Typology of Business Incubators in Spain According to the Stages of Startups Incubation," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:14:y:2024:i:11:p:291-:d:1514585
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/14/11/291/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/14/11/291/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kameliya Deyanova & Nataliia Brehmer & Artur Lapidus & Victor Tiberius & Steve Walsh, 2022. "Hatching start-ups for sustainable growth: a bibliometric review on business incubators," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 16(7), pages 2083-2109, October.
    2. Miriti Jane Kinya & Kenneth Lawrance Wanjau & Nyagweth Ebenezer Odeyo, 2021. "The role of incubator classification on performance of incubators in Kenya," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(6), pages 256-267, September.
    3. Manuel Chaves-Maza & Eugenio M. Fedriani, 2022. "Defining entrepreneurial success to improve guidance services: a study with a comprehensive database from Andalusia," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-26, December.
    4. van Rijnsoever, Frank J., 2020. "Meeting, mating, and intermediating: How incubators can overcome weak network problems in entrepreneurial ecosystems," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(1).
    5. Alberto Vaquero García & Francisco Jesús Ferreiro Seoane, 2015. "Experiencias regionales en Viveros de Empresas," Revista de Estudios Regionales, Universidades Públicas de Andalucía, vol. 1, pages 177-208.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Domicián Máté & Ni Made Estiyanti & Adam Novotny, 2024. "How to support innovative small firms? Bibliometric analysis and visualization of start-up incubation," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 1-26, December.
    2. Disha Gulia & Samit Kumar & Sapna Arora, 2024. "Bibliometric Analysis and Science Mapping of Business Incubators," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(3), pages 13780-13802, September.
    3. Saurabh A. Lall & Li-Wei Chen & Dyana P. Mason, 2023. "Digital platforms and entrepreneurial support: a field experiment in online mentoring," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 631-654, August.
    4. Becker, Kai & Ebbers, Joris J. & Engel, Yuval, 2024. "Going online: Peer entrepreneur networks in a startup accelerator before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    5. Vidit Mohan & Rohan Chinchwadkar, 2022. "Technology Business Incubation: A Literature Review and Gaps," International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 53-63, June.
    6. Rocha, Augusto & Brown, Ross & Mawson, Suzanne, 2021. "Capturing conversations in entrepreneurial ecosystems," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(9).
    7. Leendertse, Jip & Schrijvers, Mirella & Stam, Erik, 2022. "Measure Twice, Cut Once: Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Metrics," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(9).
    8. Grégory Guéneau & Didier Chabaud & Marie-Christine Chalus Sauvannet, 2022. "Opening entrepreneurial ecosystem’s black box: the power of networks in African low-income countries," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 753-772, June.
    9. Manuel Kaiser & Andreas Kuckertz, 2024. "Bibliometrically mapping the research field of entrepreneurial communication: where we stand and where we need to go," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 74(4), pages 2087-2120, December.
    10. Kuebart, Andreas, 2022. "Open creative labs as functional infrastructure for entrepreneurial ecosystems: Using sequence analysis to explore tempo-spatial trajectories of startups in Berlin," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(9).
    11. Carayannis, Elias G. & Grigoroudis, Evangelos & Wurth, Bernd, 2022. "OR for entrepreneurial ecosystems: A problem-oriented review and agenda," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 300(3), pages 791-808.
    12. Marc Cowling & Ross Brown & Neil Lee, 2021. "The geography of business angel investments in the UK: Does local bias (still) matter?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 53(5), pages 1180-1200, August.
    13. Hernández-Chea, Roberto & Mahdad, Maral & Minh, Thai Thi & Hjortsø, Carsten Nico, 2021. "Moving beyond intermediation: How intermediary organizations shape collaboration dynamics in entrepreneurial ecosystems," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    14. Abi Saad, Elie & Tremblay, Nathalie & Agogué, Marine, 2024. "A multi-level perspective on innovation intermediaries: The case of the diffusion of digital technologies in healthcare," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    15. van Rijnsoever, Frank J. & Eveleens, Chris P., 2021. "Money Don't matter? How incubation experience affects start-up entrepreneurs' resource valuation," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    16. Guéneau, Grégory & Chabaud, Didier & Sauvannet, Marie-Christine Chalus, 2023. "Sticky ties: Quest for structural inter-organizational configurations in entrepreneurial ecosystems," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    17. Disha Gulia & Sapna Arora & Akriti Sharma, 2024. "Modeling the factors of business incubation from incubatee perspective using TISM and MICMAC approach," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 14(1), pages 1-20, December.
    18. Manning, Stephan & Vavilov, Stanislav, 2023. "Global development agenda meets local opportunities: The rise of development-focused entrepreneurship support," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(7).
    19. Shi, Xianwei & Liang, Xingkun & Luo, Yining, 2023. "Unpacking the intellectual structure of ecosystem research in innovation studies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(6).
    20. Aswathy Sreenivasan & M. Suresh, 2023. "Green Start-ups: Start-ups Accelerating Sustainability," International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 80-89, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:14:y:2024:i:11:p:291-:d:1514585. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.