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Business Ethics Perceptions of Public and Private Sector Respondents in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Dr. Bahaudin G. Mujtaba

    (Associate Professor of Management The H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314. USA)

  • Prof. Dr. Talat Afza

    (Head of Academics and Research COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan)

Abstract

Pakistan is a developing economy and it has been a country in the forefront of ethical crossroads in todays challenging workplace. This research surveyed 232 citizens, managers, and employees in Pakistan to measure their Personal Business Ethics Scores (PBES) to see if age, gender, education, management experience, and government work experience makes a difference in making more ethical decisions. This study contributes to the theory of moral development. The results suggest that age and more years of management experience do lead to higher scores in moral maturity, but the results are not statistically significant. Gender is not a factor in the ethical maturity scores. Higher levels of education did not lead to higher scores. However, statistically significant differences were found for respondents with little or no government experience and those with two or more years of government work experience. Unexpectedly, those without any government work experience had significantly higher ethical maturity scores. Kohlbergs moral development theory regarding ethical maturity is partially supported since those who were older and with more years of management experience do have higher business ethics scores.

Suggested Citation

  • Dr. Bahaudin G. Mujtaba & Prof. Dr. Talat Afza, 2011. "Business Ethics Perceptions of Public and Private Sector Respondents in Pakistan," Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, Far East Research Centre, vol. 3(1), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:fej:articl:v:3a:y:2011:i:1:p:1-11
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Helen Klein & Nancy Levenburg & Marie McKendall & William Mothersell, 2007. "Cheating During the College Years: How do Business School Students Compare?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 72(2), pages 197-206, May.
    2. Fryxell, Gerald E. & Lo, Carlos W. H., 2001. "Organizational Membership and Environmental Ethics: A Comparison of Managers in State-owned Firms, Collectives, Private Firms and Joint Ventures in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 29(11), pages 1941-1956, November.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chung-wen Chen, 2014. "Are Workers More Likely to be Deviant than Managers? A Cross-National Analysis," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 123(2), pages 221-233, August.
    2. Fuan Li & Mike Chen-ho Chao & Nancy Yi-feng Chen & Sixue Zhang, 2018. "Moral judgment in a business setting: The role of managers’ moral foundation, ideology, and level of moral development," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 121-143, March.
    3. Bahaudin G Mujtaba, 2019. "Leadership Orientation of Afghan and Japanese Respondents: A Study of “Guzaara†or Getting Along in Asia," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 11(1), pages 24-39.
    4. Lam D. Nguyen & Quan H. M. Tran, 2018. "Working Adults and Personal Business Ethics in South East Asia: a Comparative Study in Thailand and Vietnam," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 159-174, June.
    5. Professor Hafiz Abdur Rashid & Hafsa Noreen & Monazza Karamat, 2012. "Growth And Prospects Of Islamic Banking In Pakistan," Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, Far East Research Centre, vol. 7(4), pages 52-65, May.
    6. Mukhiddin Jumaev & Prof. Dr. Dileep Kumar. M. & Jalal R. M. Hanaysha, 2012. "Impact Of Relationship Marketing On Customer Loyalty In The Banking Sector," Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, Far East Research Centre, vol. 6(4), pages 36-55, March.
    7. Bahaudin G. Mujtaba & Arif Sikander & Naveed Akhtar & Talat Afza, 2012. "Business Ethics of Pakistanis in Islamabad and Lahore: Do Age, Gender and Data Collection Processes Make a Difference?," International Journal of Learning and Development, Macrothink Institute, vol. 2(3), pages 325-341, June.
    8. Mohammad, Shoeb & Husted, Bryan, 2023. "Skilled workforces and Law-abiding organizational climates in emerging markets," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    9. Octavian RUJOIU & Valentina RUJOIU, 2014. "Academic Dishonesty And Workplace Dishonesty. An Overview," Proceedings of the INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 8(1), pages 928-938, November.
    10. Muhammad Fayyaz Sheikh & Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah & Saeed Akbar, 2018. "Firm performance, corporate governance and executive compensation in Pakistan," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(18), pages 2012-2027, April.
    11. Stuart Allen & Louis W. Fry, 2023. "A Framework for Leader, Spiritual, and Moral Development," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 184(3), pages 649-663, May.
    12. Alayoglu, Nihat & Ozturk, Ali Osman & Babacan, Mehmet, 2012. "Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İş Ahlakı Algısı ile Özel Sektör ve Kamu Çalışanlarının İş Ahlakı Uygulamalarının Karşılaştırılması [Perceptions of College Students and Attitudes of Private and Public Em," MPRA Paper 57831, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Professor Bahaudin G. Mujtaba, 2012. "Bribery Challenges And Business Ethics In Afghanistan," Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, Far East Research Centre, vol. 6(4), pages 58-76, February.
    14. Daniella Juric & Brendan O’Connell & Michaela Rankin & Jacqueline Birt, 2018. "Determinants of the Severity of Legal and Employment Consequences for CPAs Named in SEC Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 147(3), pages 545-563, February.
    15. Kim, Sahrok & Praveen Parboteeah, K. & Cullen, John B. & Jeong, Nara, 2022. "Social institutions approach to women’s firm ownership and firm bribery activity: A study of small-sized firms in emerging markets," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 1333-1349.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Business ethics; ethical maturity; morality; training; Pakistan; and moral development;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M1 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration

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