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OECD Ülkelerinde İşgücü Piyasası Regülasyonları Ve Regülasyonlardaki Eğilimler

Author

Listed:
  • Gökhan AYKAÇ

    (Gazi University)

  • Cemil ÇİFTÇİ

    (Gazi University)

Abstract

1980’lerle birlikte Keynesyen talep yönlü politikaların terk edilmesi ve hızlanan küreselleşmenin etkisiyle artan rekabet koşulları, işgücü maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi gerekliliğini beraberinde getirmiştir. Diğer taraftan, istihdamın sektörel yapısında meydana gelen değişim de yeni düzenlemelerin yapılmasını gerekli kılmıştır. OECD ülkelerinde işgücü piyasasının deregülasyonlarla daha esnek hale gelmesi 1990’ların ortalarına kadar kadar hızlı bir düzenleme süreci ile gerçekleşmiş, bu süreç 2000’lere gelindiğinde yavaşlamıştır. Özellikle atipik çalışma koşulları, belirli süreli iş sözleşmelerine uygulama kolaylıkları, geçici iş ajanslarının uygulama alanı ve geçici istihdam uygulamaları konularında deregülasyona gidildiği görülmektedir. Yakın tarihe kadar Avrupa Birliği’nde ABD’ye göre yüksek seyreden işsizlik oranlarının nedeni olarak gösterilen katı düzenlemeler, yerini “güvenceli esneklik” kavramı çerçevesinde şekillenen deregülasyonlara bırakmış olsa da, Avrupa işgücü piyasası göreli katı yapısını muhafaza etmektedir.

Suggested Citation

  • Gökhan AYKAÇ & Cemil ÇİFTÇİ, 2011. "OECD Ülkelerinde İşgücü Piyasası Regülasyonları Ve Regülasyonlardaki Eğilimler," Ekonomik Yaklasim, Ekonomik Yaklasim Association, vol. 22(78), pages 91-118.
    • Handle: RePEc:eyd:eyjrnl:v:22:y:2011:i:78:p:91-118
    DOI: 10.5455/ey.20033
    Note: [English Title] Labour Market Regulations and Regulation Trends in the OECD Countries [English Abstract] By the 1980’s, the end of Keynesian demand side policies and more competitive markets of the globalizing world are responsible for the growing need to decrease the labour costs. On the other hand, shifting of the sectoral structure of employment is also responsible for the new regulations in the labour market. The process of establishing more flexible labour markets by deregulations in the OECD countries was relatively faster than it is after the middle of 1990’s. The process is slower after the 2000’s. Especially atypical employment, fixed time contracts, temporary work agencies, and temporary employment has been the main deregulation areas. The relatively rigid labour markets of the EU compared to USA labour market is found to be responsible for the high unemployment ratios respectively. The relative rigidity of the European labor market remains, despite there has been a deregulation trend driven and structured by the concept of “flexicurity”. [English Keywords] Labour market regulations, deregulation, flexibility, flexicurity, OECD.
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    Keywords

    İşgücü piyasası regülasyonları; deregülasyon; esnekleşme; güvenceli esneklik; OECD.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J80 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - General
    • J01 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics: General
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General
    • K31 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Labor Law

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