The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Development of Critical Thinking Skills in Students

Purpose: The aim of this article is to address a significant issue related to the use of modern technologies, whose influence can have a range of positive effects on students' skills, while also presenting certain risks. In today's digital educational environment, artificial intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly prominent role in teaching and learning processes. One of the key aspects of education is the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills among students. However, a question arises: how do AI-based tools influence these essential academic competencies? Addressing this question will be one of the primary goals of this study. Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey was conducted among students to explore their perceptions of the use of artificial intelligence in education and to assess their levels of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The chosen method was a survey, implemented through the technique of an online questionnaire with the following research questions: What are the benefits and limitations of using artificial intelligence in the educational process? Can the presence of artificial intelligence in education influence the development of independent thinking skills? How can artificial intelligence support the process of creative thinking and solving unconventional problems? What are the best practices for using artificial intelligence to develop analytical skills in students? Can artificial intelligence adapt to the individual needs of students in developing critical thinking skills? What are the potential risks associated with excessive reliance on artificial intelligence in the educational process? Findings: AI-based tools are perceived by students as helpful in developing information analysis skills and constructing arguments, though they are aware of their limitations and potential risks. The majority of students rate their critical thinking skills as high or moderate. However, as many as 83% express concern that excessive reliance on AI could weaken their ability to think independently and make responsible decisions. Students value the importance of critically evaluating their own and others' beliefs, acknowledging that AI can support this process but cannot replace traditional teaching methods, which remain essential for fostering autonomous thinking. Practical recommendations: The research findings may have significant implications for educational practice, suggesting ways in which artificial intelligence can be effectively used to support the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills in students. Additionally, the study may contribute to a better understanding of the role of technology in the learning process and help identify areas that require further research and development. Originality value: The study represents an attempt to fill the gap in the literature regarding the impact of artificial intelligence on critical thinking. The authors acknowledge that the results obtained are merely a starting point for further exploration of the complexity of this issue.