From Lean to Sustainable Manufacturing – An Overview

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to present the comparison and connection between three manufacturing paradigms, Lean, Green, and Sustainable Manufacturing. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology of the research is based on the literature review of three paradigms, including, definitions, methods and tools, as well as main challenges. Findings: Transition towards Sustainable Manufacturing has been taking place in an evolutionary way and may be traced in the context of changes in production paradigms. The production paradigms presented in paper do not cover all examples of paradigms classification contained in the literature, since, they only indicate the way to learn the theories and challenges that the scientific community and economic practitioners must face. Practical Implications: Lean and green methods and tools support the realization of sustainable manufacturing processes challenges. Originality/Value: The paper presents synergy between every production paradigms. Every new paradigm generally considers the objectives and approaches of the previous one, so integrating the lean and green approach is a natural consequence. The combination of these two concepts enables achieving a synergetic effect even if a trade-off and balance of divergent goals. The shift from conventional manufacturing practices to more sustainable practices has led to better compliance with regulations and standards in order to enhance the corporate and brand image while pursuing economic benefits and environmental and societal responsibility.