IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ers/journl/vxxivy2021i2-part1p139-151.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Competition Instruments Applied by Large Enterprises during the Crisis Triggered by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Joanna Duda
  • Anna Wolak-Tuzimek
  • Lukasz Wojtowicz

Abstract

Purpose: This paper is intended to examine the effects of the crisis that was caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the selection of instruments of competition used by enterprises. A research hypothesis (H1) is advanced: at the time of the crisis that was caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, enterprises have employed new key instruments of competition in order to attain a better competitive standing in the market. The concept and nature of competitiveness are discussed, and instruments of competition are detailed as a dimension of competitiveness. Design/Methodology/Approach: The theoretical section of the paper is based on a comprehensive review of leading specialist literature. The hypothesis is verified by means of exploratory factor analysis, which serves to detect an optimal group of main factors and explicate correlations between observable variables. The number of factors is determined using the Cattell’s scree criterion and Kaiser criterion. Findings: The paper contains the results for a group of 253 large Polish enterprises. A factor-based model of competition instruments that have been used by enterprises at the time of the crisis that was caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is constructed by using exploratory factor analysis. Three factors are defined: the product, quality, and distribution that are currently being applied by enterprises. Distribution is identified as a new key instrument of competition, while the utilisation of Internet channels allows for maintaining one’s competitive status in the market. Practical Implications: The results may be taken advantage of by entrepreneurs. They constitute indications for selecting competition instruments during the crises. Originality/Value: The paper contains the authors’ original research into a representative group of large enterprises that can be generalised to the entire population assuming a level of confidence of α = 95% and maximum error of β = 6%.

Suggested Citation

  • Joanna Duda & Anna Wolak-Tuzimek & Lukasz Wojtowicz, 2021. "Competition Instruments Applied by Large Enterprises during the Crisis Triggered by the COVID-19 Pandemic," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2 - Part ), pages 139-151.
    • Handle: RePEc:ers:journl:v:xxiv:y:2021:i:2-part1:p:139-151
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ersj.eu/journal/2117/download
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anna Nowak & Monika Rozanska-Boczula & Artur Krukowski, 2020. "Competitiveness of Agriculture in New Member States of the European Union," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 1), pages 160-175.
    2. Joanna Kizielewicz, 2020. "COVID-19 Consequences and Travel Insurance Policy in Leading Cruise Shipping Corporations," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 600-611.
    3. Anna Spoz & Grzegorz Kotlinski & Anna Mizak & Helena Zukowska, 2020. "Public Aid for Relieving the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 2), pages 606-621.
    4. Anna Bera & Karolina Drela & Agnieszka Malkowska & Anna Tokarz-Kocik, 2020. "Mitigating Risk of the Tourism Sector in the European Union Member States During the COVID-19 Pandemic," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 107-122.
    5. Lukasz Kuzminski & Tomasz Jalowiec & Piotr Masloch & Henryk Wojtaszek & Ireneusz Miciula, 2020. "Implementation of the Competitiveness Model in Terms of Cooperation with Suppliers," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2), pages 343-359.
    6. Petr Suchanek & Jiri Spalek & Milan Sedlacek, 2011. "Competitiveness Factors in Post-transformation Period: The Case of Czech Enterprises," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 121-146.
    7. Ibrahim N. Khatatbeh & Mohammad Bani Hani & Mohammed N. Abu-Alfoul, 2020. "The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Stock Markets: An Event Study," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(4), pages 505-514.
    8. Elena Ryzhkova & Nikolai Prosvirkin, 2015. "Cluster Initiatives as a Competitiveness Factor of Modern Enterprises," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 21-30.
    9. Fahy, John, 2002. "A resource-based analysis of sustainable competitive advantage in a global environment," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 57-77, February.
    10. Vasiliy Starostin & Evgeniy Samokhodkin & Alisa Elzon, 2020. "Changing Consumer and Brand Behavior in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 531-543.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anna Wolak-Tuzimek & Joanna Duda & Katarzyna Sieradzka, 2021. "Sources of Competitive Advantage of Enterprises in Selected Sectors of the Polish Economy," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3 - Part ), pages 284-298.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:ers:journl:v:xxiv:y:2021:i:2:p:139-151 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Arkadiusz Gorski, 2021. "Managing Support for Entrepreneurs during a Pandemic: The Problem of Proper Selection of Those in Need," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2 - Part ), pages 52-61.
    3. repec:ers:journl:v:xxiv:y:2021:i:2b:p:52-61 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. S.G. Tyaglov & T.V. Kushnarenko & A.A. Khokhlov & M.A. Qeropyan, 2017. "The Development of Cluster Relations within the State and Business Structures in Terms of Strategy of Non-Primary Sector Import-Substitution," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 198-207.
    5. Schmid, Stefan & Schurig, Andreas, 2003. "The development of critical capabilities in foreign subsidiaries: disentangling the role of the subsidiary's business network," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 12(6), pages 755-782, December.
    6. Wang, Chengqi & Hong, Junjie & Kafouros, Mario & Boateng, Agyenim, 2012. "What drives outward FDI of Chinese firms? Testing the explanatory power of three theoretical frameworks," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 425-438.
    7. Kirui Damaris & Margaret Oloko, 2014. "The Classroom Situation: Improving Study Habits of Secondary School Students in Zimbabwe," International Journal of Management Sciences, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 3(12), pages 880-885.
    8. Bobillo, Alfredo M. & López-Iturriaga, Felix & Tejerina-Gaite, Fernando, 2010. "Firm performance and international diversification: The internal and external competitive advantages," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 19(6), pages 607-618, December.
    9. Almas Kuralbayev & Nurjan Abishov & Aizhan Abishova & Gulnara Urazbayeva, 2017. "The Measurement of the Spiritual Tourism in Regions of South Kazakhstan," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3A), pages 115-133.
    10. Rafal Rowinski, 2020. "The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Epidemic on the Tourism Economy- Negative Effects and Projection of Changes in Tourism Trends," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 2), pages 638-647.
    11. Sergio G. Lazzarini, 2015. "Strategizing by the government: Can industrial policy create firm-level competitive advantage?," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(1), pages 97-112, January.
    12. Lukasz Kuzminski & Michal Nadolny & Henryk Wojtaszek, 2020. "An Innovative Approach to Generational Motivation," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 1), pages 679-692.
    13. V.M. Dzhukha & A.N. Kokin & A.S. Li & T.Yu. Sinyuk, 2017. "Research and Development Intensity in Business: Russia and EU," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 64-76.
    14. Herjuna Qobush Izzahdi & Ani Wilujeng Suryani, 2023. "COVID-19 Vaccination, Government Strict Policy and Capital Market Volatility: Evidence from ASEAN Countries," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 2, pages 117-135.
    15. Wang, Zhixuan & Dong, Yanli & Liu, Ailan, 2022. "How does China's stock market react to supply chain disruptions from COVID-19?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    16. Peña-Vinces, Jesús, 2009. "Comparative Analysis Of Competitiveness On The Peruvian And Chilean Economies From A Global View," Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, Universidad ESAN, vol. 14(27), pages 87-105.
    17. Chen, Shuo-Pei & Wu, Wann-Yih, 2010. "A systematic procedure to evaluate an automobile manufacturer-distributor partnership," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 205(3), pages 687-698, September.
    18. repec:ipg:wpaper:2014-432 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Lin Ni & Lei Li & Xin Zhang & Huwei Wen, 2022. "Climate Policy and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment in Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-19, December.
    20. Celec Robert & Globocnik Dietfried, 2017. "Benchmarking Firm-level Resources, Capabilities, and Postures Driving Export Performance of SMEs," Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy, Sciendo, vol. 63(1), pages 47-58, March.
    21. Camisón, César & Forés, Beatriz, 2015. "Is tourism firm competitiveness driven by different internal or external specific factors?: New empirical evidence from Spain," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 477-499.
    22. Galbreath, Jeremy & Galvin, Peter, 2008. "Firm factors, industry structure and performance variation: New empirical evidence to a classic debate," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 61(2), pages 109-117, February.
    23. Frohwein, Torsten, 2015. "The regulated firm: Effects of regulation on competence development and sustainable competitive advantage," Research Papers on Innovation, Services and Technology 1/2015, University of Stuttgart, Institute of Business Administration, Department I - Institute of Research & Development and Innovation Management.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Competitiveness; enterprise; crisis; COVID-19.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L23 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Organization of Production
    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • M21 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Economics - - - Business Economics

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ers:journl:v:xxiv:y:2021:i:2-part1:p:139-151. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Marios Agiomavritis (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://ersj.eu/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.