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Does CEO duality affect corporate performance? Evidence from the US banking crisis

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  • Robert Carty
  • Gail Weiss

Abstract

Purpose - The global financial crisis of 2008 raises many governance questions regarding the roles and responsibilities of executives and board members. Simultaneously, CEO duality in the USA and elsewhere has come under renewed scrutiny because of the perceived loss of checks and balances and resultant abuse of power. The authors suggest that the financial crisis presents a unique opportunity to explore the effects of, and attitudes, to CEO duality. The purpose of this paper therefore is to investigate whether CEO duality is associated with bank failure and whether bank regulators, as can be expected, are opposed to CEO duality. Design/methodology/approach - The authors investigated the correlation between CEO duality and publicly traded banks in the USA that received Federal bailout funds, using available databases, and investigated bank regulators' attitudes to CEO duality using a series of structured interviews. Findings - No correlation was found between bank failure and CEO duality. However, a strong correlation was found between bank ownership and receipt of Federal bailout funds in that publically owned banks were far more likely to have received bailout funds than banks which were privately owned. Surprisingly, it was also found that Regulators accepted CEO duality for several reasons and have no agenda to limit it. Practical implications - The results suggest that CEO duality is a less significant issue factor in corporate management than suggested by many previous researchers and policy makers. This has clear implications for governance, regulation and legislation. Originality/value - This study is the first to investigate the relationship between bank performance and CEO duality. The authors' results suggest that whilst there may be many good reasons for limiting CEO duality, the key measure of adverse effects on corporate performance in this sector is not one of them.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Carty & Gail Weiss, 2012. "Does CEO duality affect corporate performance? Evidence from the US banking crisis," Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 20(1), pages 26-40, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:jfrcpp:v:20:y:2012:i:1:p:26-40
    DOI: 10.1108/13581981211199407
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2014. "This Time is Different: A Panoramic View of Eight Centuries of Financial Crises," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 15(2), pages 215-268, November.
    2. Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2009. "Varieties of Crises and Their Dates," Introductory Chapters, in: This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, Princeton University Press.
    3. Loizos Heracleous, 2001. "What is the Impact of Corporate Governance on Organisational Performance?," Corporate Governance: An International Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 165-173, July.
    4. Khaled Elsayed, 2007. "Does CEO Duality Really Affect Corporate Performance?," Corporate Governance: An International Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(6), pages 1203-1214, November.
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    1. Catarina Fernandes & Jorge Farinha & Francisco Vitorino Martins & Cesario Mateus, 2018. "Bank governance and performance: a survey of the literature," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(3), pages 236-256, July.
    2. Maxwell Sandada & Nigel Manzanga & Roy Shamhuyenhanzva, 2015. "How Do Board Characteristics Influence Business Performance? Evidence from Non-life Insurance Firms in Zimbabwe," Acta Universitatis Danubius. OEconomica, Danubius University of Galati, issue 11(4), pages 103-116, August.
    3. Borgholthaus, Cameron J. & Iyer, Dinesh N. & O'Brien, Jonathan P., 2021. "The effects of firm aspirational performance on changes in leadership structure," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 319-327.
    4. Ahmed Zemzem & Oumeima Kacem, 2014. "Risk Management, Board Characteristics and Performance in the Tunisian Lending Institutions," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 3(1), pages 186-200, January.
    5. David Onguka & Cyrus Iraya & Winnie Nyamute, 2021. "Impact of Corporate Governance on Corporate Value for Companies Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(12), pages 1-70, December.
    6. Mohamed Marie & Hany Kamel & Israa Elbendary, 2021. "How does internal governance affect banks’ financial stability? Empirical evidence from Egypt," International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(3), pages 240-255, September.
    7. Walter Gontarek & Yacine Belghitar, 2021. "CEO chairman controversy: evidence from the post financial crisis period," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 675-713, February.
    8. Kwok Yip Cheung & Chung Yee Lai, 2022. "Board Directorships and Carbon Emissions: Curvilinear Relationships and Moderating Roles of Other Board Characteristics," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-17, November.
    9. Pollock, Susan & Switzer, Lorne N. & Wang, Jun, 2023. "The dynamics of CEO equity vs. inside debt and firm performance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).

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