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Regulatory capital and risk of Indian banks: a simultaneous equation approach

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  • Santi Gopal Maji
  • Utpal Kumar De

Abstract

Purpose - – This paper aims to examine the association between regulatory capital and risk of Indian commercial banks and the impacts of other relevant variables on them. Design/methodology/approach - – The study is based on a secondary data set on Indian commercial banks collected from “Capitaline Plus” corporate database and annual reports of the respective banks. Total 41 major Indian banks (21 public and 20 private sector banks) are considered in this study. Here absolute values of capital and risk are used as dependent variables along with some relevant bank specific explanatory variables in a system of a two-equation model. Based on the nature of interrelationship and identifiability of the equations, three-stage least squares (3SLS) technique is used to estimate the relationship. Findings - – Risk and capital of Indian commercial banks are inversely associated. The influence of profitability on both capital and risk is significantly positive. Moreover, human capital efficiency is negatively associated with the undertaking of risk by the banks. In this respect, Indian private sector banks are found to be more efficient in utilizing human capital for reducing credit risk. Originality/value - – It is the first comparative study in India examining the relationship between capital and risk of Indian public and private sector commercial banks covering both Basel I and II periods. Further, the role of human resource in managing risk is considered as a relevant variable in this study.

Suggested Citation

  • Santi Gopal Maji & Utpal Kumar De, 2015. "Regulatory capital and risk of Indian banks: a simultaneous equation approach," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 7(2), pages 140-156, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:jfeppp:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:140-156
    DOI: 10.1108/JFEP-06-2014-0038
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Shailesh Rastogi & Arpita Sharma & Geetanjali Pinto & Venkata Mrudula Bhimavarapu, 2022. "A literature review of risk, regulation, and profitability of banks using a scientometric study," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Pami Dua & Hema Kapur, 2017. "Macro Stress Testing of Indian Bank Groups," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 11(4), pages 375-403, November.
    3. Nupur Moni Das & Joyeeta Deb, 2018. "A Statistical Re-assessment of Capital Adequacy and Insolvency Risk in Commercial Banks of India," Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, in: Aswini Kumar Mishra & Vairam Arunachalam & Debasis Patnaik (ed.), Current Issues in the Economy and Finance of India, chapter 0, pages 105-118, Springer.
    4. Marko Slavković & Jasmina Ognjanović & Marijana Bugarčić, 2023. "Sustainability of Human Capital Efficiency in the Hotel Industry: Panel Data Evidence," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Pi, Tianlei & Yang, Xiaobing, 2023. "Board culture and bank innovation: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 732-755.
    6. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem & Zheng, Changjun & Jiang, Chonghui & Qian, Ningyu, 2020. "Capital regulation, deposit insurance and bank risk: International evidence from normal and crisis periods," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    7. Nupur Moni Das & Bhabani Sankar Rout, 2020. "Banks’ capital adequacy ratio: a panacea or placebo," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 47(3), pages 303-318, September.
    8. Afsana Yesmin, 2018. "Do competition and development indicators heterogeneously affect risk and capital? Evidence from Asian banks," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 5(03), pages 1-18, September.
    9. Changjun Zheng & Anupam Das Gupta & Syed Moudud-Ul-Huq, 2017. "Do market competition and development indicators matter for banks’ risk, capital, and efficiency relationship?," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 4(02n03), pages 1-27, June.
    10. Ahmed Imran Hunjra & Qasim Zureigat & Rashid Mehmood, 2020. "Impact of Capital Regulation and Market Discipline on Capital Ratio Selection: A Cross Country Study," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-13, April.
    11. Mehmood, Asad & De Luca, Francesco, 2023. "How does non-interest income affect bank credit risk? Evidence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    12. Nguyen, Quang Thi Thieu & Gan, Christopher & Li, Zhaohua, 2019. "Bank capital regulation: How do Asian banks respond?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    13. Seksak Jumreornvong & Chanakarn Chakreyavanich & Sirimon Treepongkaruna & Pornsit Jiraporn, 2018. "Capital Adequacy, Deposit Insurance, and the Effect of Their Interaction on Bank Risk," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, November.
    14. Santanu Kumar Ghosh & Santi Gopal Maji, 2019. "Profitability of Banks in India: Impacts of Market Structure and Risk," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 9(6), pages 1-10.
    15. Hai Long Pham & Kevin James Daly, 2020. "The Impact of BASEL Accords on the Management of Vietnamese Commercial Banks," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, September.
    16. Badar Nadeem Ashraf & Sidra Arshad & Yuancheng Hu, 2016. "Capital Regulation and Bank Risk-Taking Behavior: Evidence from Pakistan," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-20, August.
    17. Samina RIAZ & Venus Khim-Sen LIEW & Rossazana Bt Ab RAHIM, 2019. "The Impact of Business Cycle on Pakistani Banks Capital Buffer and Portfolio Risk," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(1), pages 57-71, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Banks; Credit; Government policy and regulation; Capital; Financial risk and risk management; Multiple or simultaneous equation models; G20; G28; G32;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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