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Horario de verano y consumo de electricidad: el caso de Argentina

Author

Listed:
  • Hancevic, Pedro

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, México)

  • Margulis, Diego

    (Compañia Administradora del Mercado Mayorista Eléctrico (Cammesa) y Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina)

Abstract

Background: Daylight saving time (DST) has been actively used as a mechanism for energy conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In the case of Argentina, the most recent experiences with DST occurred during the austral summer periods of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009, when the policy was finally abandoned. However, the benefits of DST and the size of the (potential) energy savings are still part of an ongoing discussion in a country where energy subsidies imply a heavy fiscal burden. Methodology: Using a difference-in-differences framework that exploits the quasi- experimental nature of the program implementation, we use hourly data for the 2005-2010 period at the province level and estimate the impact of DST on electricity consumption and on peak demand. Results: The application of DST increased total electricity consumption between 0.4% and 0.6%, but decreased aggregate national peak demand between 2.4% and 2.9%. In monetary terms, DST represented extra generation costs of 10.9 and 18 million USD during summers 2007-2008 and 2008-2009, respectively. Finally, the application of DST increased the emissions of air pollutants during those periods. Conclusion: The rationale for DST is questionable. The policy outcomes in terms of energy consumption and energy peak demand seem to go in opposite directions, at least in the latest experience in Argentina. A case-by-case study is the safest way of proceeding, and this paper is a piece of evidence that contributes to an open debate.// Antecedentes: como estrategia encaminada a conservar la energía y reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), se ha utilizado de manera intensiva la política de cambio de horario de verano (DST por sus siglas en inglés). En lo que respecta a Argentina, las experiencias más recientes con el horario de verano tuvieron lugar durante el periodo de verano austral de 2007-2008 y de 2008-2009, al término del cual se optó finalmente por desechar la política. Sin embargo, los beneficios que trajo el horario de verano y la proporción de los ahorros energéticos (potenciales) aún constituyen factores por considerar en el marco de la discusión en curso que se sostiene en un país donde los subsidios al consumo de energía implican una pesada carga fiscal. Metodología: por medio de la técnica de diferencia en diferencias (DID), la cual aprovecha a fondo los elementos inherentes a la naturaleza cuasiexperimental del programa implementado, empleamos datos obtenidos en intervalos de una hora para el periodo 2005-2010, ubicándonos a nivel provincial, y estimamos el impacto del DST sobre el consumo de electricidad y la demanda pico. Resultados: la aplicación del cambio de horario de verano significó un incremento del consumo total de electricidad de 0.4 a 0.6%, aunque a la vez trajo consigo un descenso a escala nacional de la demanda pico de 2.4 a 2.9%. En términos monetarios, representó costos de generación extra que ascendieron a 10.9 millones USD y 18 millones USD durante los veranos de 2007-2008 y 2008-2009, respectivamente. Por último, la aplicación del cambio de horario de verano provocó en dichos periodos un aumento en las emisiones de agentes contaminantes del aire. Conclusión: no deja de ser cuestionable el fundamento para la aplicación del DST. Considerados en términos del consumo energético y la demanda pico, los frutos obtenidos por esta política parecen ser de lo más dispares, al menos a juzgar por las últimas experiencias registradas en Argentina. En ese sentido, lo más razonable parece ser un estudio caso por caso, y este trabajo representa una pieza más de evidencia empírica que contribuye al debate aún abierto sobre este tema.

Suggested Citation

  • Hancevic, Pedro & Margulis, Diego, 2018. "Horario de verano y consumo de electricidad: el caso de Argentina," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(339), pages .515-542, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:85:y:2018:i:339:p:515-542
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v85i339.311
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    Cited by:

    1. Hugo Salas & Pedro Ignacio Hancevic, 2023. "The unexpected effects of daylight-saving time: Traffic accidents in Mexican municipalities," EconoQuantum, Revista de Economia y Finanzas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Economico Administrativas, Departamento de Metodos Cuantitativos y Maestria en Economia., vol. 20(1), pages 1-29, Enero-Jun.
    2. Humberto Verdejo & Emiliano Fucks Jara & Tomas Castillo & Cristhian Becker & Diego Vergara & Rafael Sebastian & Guillermo Guzmán & Francisco Tobar & Juan Zolezzi, 2023. "Analysis and Modeling of Residential Energy Consumption Profiles Using Device-Level Data: A Case Study of Homes Located in Santiago de Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-32, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    horario de verano; consumo de energía eléctrica; demanda pico;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q4 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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