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Convergencia regional en México, 1940-1995

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  • Esquivel, Gerardo

    (El Colegio de México)

Abstract

This paper describes and analyzes the characteristics of the process of economic convergence among the states and regions of Mexico during the 1940-95 period. We derive two main results from our study. First, regional disparities in Mexico declined at a rate of 1,2 percent per year between 1940 and 1995. This rate is too low when compared to the experiences of other countries and it has been insufficient to reduce the marked regional inequality that has characterized the country since 1940. Second, we identified that the process of regional convergence in Mexico has really taken place in two stages: in the first one, from 1940 through 1960, there was a relatively rapid process of regional convergence in Mexico. During the second stage, from 1960 through 1995, the convergence process suddenly stopped and it even began to revert itself. This paper ends with a brief discussion about some alternative explanations for such pattern of regional development.// Este trabajo delinea y analiza las características del proceso de convergencia económica entre los estados regiones de México durante el período de 1940-1995. De nuestro análisis se infieren dos resultados principales. Primero las disparidades regionales en México se han reducido a una tasa de 1.2% por año entre 1940 y 1995. Esta tasa de convergencia es muy baja cuando se le compara con las experiencias de otros países, y ha sido claramente insuficiente para reducir la marcada desigualdad regional que ha caracterizado al país desde 1940. Segundo, se identificaron dos fases claramente diferenciadas del proceso de convergencia regional: la primera de ellas, de 1940 a 1960, se caracterizó por un proceso relativamente rápido de convergencia regional; durante la segunda fase, de 1960 a 1995, este proceso se detuvo de manera súbita e incluso mostró cierta tendencia a revertirse. El trabajo termina con un breve análisis de algunas explicaciones posibles de esta pauta de desarrollo regional.

Suggested Citation

  • Esquivel, Gerardo, 1999. "Convergencia regional en México, 1940-1995," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 66(264), pages 725-761, : octubre.
    • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:66:y:1999:i:264:p:725-761
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    Cited by:

    1. Brock, Gregory & German-Soto, Vicente, 2013. "Regional industrial growth in Mexico: Do human capital and infrastructure matter?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 228-242.
    2. José Aguilar-Retureta, 2015. "Regional income distribution in Mexico: new long-term evidence, 1895-2010," UB School of Economics Working Papers 2015/323, University of Barcelona School of Economics.
    3. Rodríguez-Benavides, Domingo & Mendoza-González, Miguel Ángel & Venegas-Martínez, Francisco, 2014. "¿Realmente existe convergencia regional en México? Un modelo no lineal de datos panel TAR [Is There Really Regional Convergence in Mexico? A Non-linear Panel-Data TAR Model]," MPRA Paper 56874, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Chiquiar, Daniel, 2005. "Why Mexico's regional income convergence broke down," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(1), pages 257-275, June.
    5. José Aguilar-Retureta, 2014. "The GDP per capita of the Mexican regions (1895-1930): new estimates," Documentos de Trabajo (DT-AEHE) 1415, Asociación Española de Historia Económica.
    6. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Edna M. Villarreal Peralta, 2015. "Innovation and Regional Growth in Mexico: 2000–2010," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(2), pages 172-195, June.
    7. Manuel Gomez & Daniel Ventosa-Santaularia, 2007. "Trade Liberalization and Regional Income Convergence in Mexico: a Time-Series Analysis," Department of Economics and Finance Working Papers EM200702, Universidad de Guanajuato, Department of Economics and Finance.
    8. Duran-Fernandez, Roberto & Santos, Georgina, 2014. "Regional convergence, road infrastructure, and industrial diversity in Mexico," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 103-110.
    9. Luis F. López-Calva & Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez & Carlos Rodríguez-Castelán, 2022. "Within-country poverty convergence: evidence from Mexico," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(5), pages 2547-2586, May.
    10. René Cabral & André Mollick, 2012. "Mexico’s regional output convergence after NAFTA: a dynamic panel data analysis," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 48(3), pages 877-895, June.
    11. Monroy-Gómez-Franco, Luis, 2023. "The importance of positional mobility for regional comparisons," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(3), pages 322-333.
    12. Jordaan, Jacob A., 2008. "Intra- and Inter-industry Externalities from Foreign Direct Investment in the Mexican Manufacturing Sector: New Evidence from Mexican Regions," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 2838-2854, December.
    13. Alejandro Diaz Bautista & Mauro Diaz Dominguez, 2004. "Capital Humano y Crecimiento Económico en México (1970-2000). Human Capital and Economic Growth in Mexico," Urban/Regional 0405008, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Dobado, Rafael & Marrero, Gustavo A., 2005. "Corn Market Integration in Porfirian Mexico," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 65(1), pages 103-128, March.
    15. Vicente German‐Soto & Konstantin Gluschenko, 2023. "Long‐term regional convergence in Mexico: A new look," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 963-991, May.
    16. Alejandra Trejo Nieto, 2021. "Regional disparities in Mexico and the spatially cumulative effects of national development and economic cycles, 1940–2013," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(4), pages 1283-1296, August.
    17. Loayza, Norman V. & Meller, Patricio, 2003. "Comments," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 123335, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    18. Lara, Jaime Lara & Gómez, Bernardo Garza & Barrón, Dania Monárrez & Zambrano , Emilio Mátar & García, Gustavo Vázquez, 2023. "Selective Migration and Economic Growth in México," Journal of Economic Development, The Economic Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, vol. 48(1), pages 129-144, March.
    19. Rey, Sergio, 2016. "Space-time patterns of rank concordance: Local indicators of mobility association with application to spatial income inequality dynamics," MPRA Paper 69480, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Mendieta, Rodrigo & Ontaneda, Diego & Pontarollo, Nicola, 2019. "Canton growth in Ecuador and the role of spatial heterogeneity," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
    21. Alejandro Diaz-Bautista, 2005. "Convergence and Economic Growth considering Human Capital and R&D Spillovers Convergencia y Crecimiento Economico en Mexico considerando al Capital Humano y derrames en Investigacion y Desarrollo," Urban/Regional 0506012, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    22. José Aguilar Retureta, 2016. "Explaining regional inequality from the periphery: The mexican case, 1900-2000," Documentos de Trabajo (DT-AEHE) 1608, Asociación Española de Historia Económica.
    23. Cortez, Willy Walter & Islas-Camargo, Alejandro, 2009. "How Correlated are Mexico’s Salaries and Us Output? an Inquiry on Some Us Border Cities," Panorama Económico, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, vol. 0(08), pages 35-62, primer se.
    24. Leobardo de Jesús-Almonte & Roldán Andrés-Rosales & Yolanda Carbajal-Suárez, 2020. "Spatial analysis of manufacturing employment in Mexico, 1984-2013," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, vol. 84(3), pages 91-128, February.
    25. Andrés-Rosales, Roldán & Quintana-Romero, Luis & de Jesús-Almonte, Leobardo & del Río-Rama, María de la Cruz, 2021. "Spatial spillovers of economic growth and public spending in Mexico: Evidence from a SpVAR model, 1999–2019," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 660-673.

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