IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/wdevel/v151y2022ics0305750x21003478.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of an integrated youth skill training program on youth livelihoods: A case study of cocoa belt region in Ghana

Author

Listed:
  • Unnikrishnan, Vidhya
  • Pinet, Melanie
  • Marc, Lukasz
  • Boateng, Nathaniel Amoh
  • Boateng, Ethel Seiwaa
  • Pasanen, Tiina
  • Atta-Mensah, Maya
  • Bridonneau, Sophie

Abstract

This paper assesses the impact of an integrated skills training program given to youth aged 17–25-year-old living under the $2/day poverty line in the cocoa belt region of Ghana. Despite being a leading producer of cocoa and having a burgeoning youth population, it is estimated that the average age of a cocoa farmer in Ghana is greater than 50 years. To introduce young people to cocoa farming and address the potential barriers they face in order to do that; a multi-faceted skills training programme was designed with the ultimate aim of improving and diversifying youth livelihoods. The training had three key components: i) cocoa academies (which includes agricultural practices; life skills and financial literacy); ii) business incubators (including entrepreneurial training, networks, mentoring) and iii) supporting enabling environment (access to land and finance). Combining quasi-experimental methods Propensity Score Matching with Difference in Differences, we estimate the causal effect of the programme on agricultural outcomes (farming, agricultural practices), financial behaviour outcomes (saving practices, mobile banking) and livelihood outcomes (employment, income, poverty likelihood) one year after the completion of training.

Suggested Citation

  • Unnikrishnan, Vidhya & Pinet, Melanie & Marc, Lukasz & Boateng, Nathaniel Amoh & Boateng, Ethel Seiwaa & Pasanen, Tiina & Atta-Mensah, Maya & Bridonneau, Sophie, 2022. "Impact of an integrated youth skill training program on youth livelihoods: A case study of cocoa belt region in Ghana," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:151:y:2022:i:c:s0305750x21003478
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105732
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X21003478
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105732?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mueller, Valerie & Thurlow, James, 2019. "Youth and jobs in rural Africa: Beyond stylized facts: Synopsis:," IFPRI synopses 9780896296855, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    2. Ghislain B D Aihounton & Arne Henningsen, 2021. "Units of measurement and the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation," The Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 24(2), pages 334-351.
    3. A. Smith, Jeffrey & E. Todd, Petra, 2005. "Does matching overcome LaLonde's critique of nonexperimental estimators?," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 125(1-2), pages 305-353.
    4. James J. Heckman & Hidehiko Ichimura & Petra E. Todd, 1997. "Matching As An Econometric Evaluation Estimator: Evidence from Evaluating a Job Training Programme," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 64(4), pages 605-654.
    5. Maren Duvendack & Philip Mader, 2020. "Impact Of Financial Inclusion In Low‐ And Middle‐Income Countries: A Systematic Review Of Reviews," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(3), pages 594-629, July.
    6. Desiere, Sam & Vellema, Wytse & D’Haese, Marijke, 2015. "A validity assessment of the Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI)™," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 10-18.
    7. Marco Caliendo & Sabine Kopeinig, 2008. "Some Practical Guidance For The Implementation Of Propensity Score Matching," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(1), pages 31-72, February.
    8. repec:oup:qjecon:v:129:y:2014:i:2:p:697-752. is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Unnikrishnan, Vidhya & Imai, Katsushi S., 2020. "Does the old-age pension scheme improve household welfare? Evidence from India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    10. Stöterau, Jonathan, 2019. "Job training programs for youth in low-income countries," PEGNet Policy Briefs 15/2019, PEGNet - Poverty Reduction, Equity and Growth Network, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    11. Abbadi, Shereen. & Senadza, Bernardin. & Lieuw-Kie-Song, Maikel. & Abebe, Haile., 2019. "Assessing the employment effects of processing cocoa in Ghana," ILO Working Papers 995043788702676, International Labour Organization.
    12. Christopher Blattman & Nathan Fiala & Sebastian Martinez, 2014. "Generating Skilled Self-Employment in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Uganda," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 129(2), pages 697-752.
    13. Richard Blundell & Monica Costa Dias, 2000. "Evaluation methods for non-experimental data," Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 21(4), pages 427-468, January.
    14. Mueller, Valerie & Thurlow, James, 2019. "Youth and jobs in rural Africa: Beyond stylized facts," IFPRI books, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), number 9780198848059.
    15. Kluve, Jochen & Puerto, Susana & Robalino, David & Romero, Jose M. & Rother, Friederike & Stöterau, Jonathan & Weidenkaff, Felix & Witte, Marc, 2019. "Do youth employment programs improve labor market outcomes? A quantitative review," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 237-253.
    16. Mueller, Valerie & Rosenbach, Gracie & Thurlow, James, 2019. "Conclusion [in Youth and jobs in rural Africa: Beyond stylized facts]," IFPRI book chapters, in: Youth and jobs in rural Africa: Beyond stylized facts, chapter 10, pages yj277-288, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    17. Jenny C. Aker & Rachid Boumnijel & Amanda McClelland & Niall Tierney, 2016. "Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 65(1), pages 1-37.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pracht, Wyatt & Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob, 2024. "Can Agricultural Value Chain Programs Help Rural Youth Increase their Income? Short- and Medium-term Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Kenya," IAAE 2024 Conference, August 2-7, 2024, New Delhi, India 344276, International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE).
    2. Mortala Boye & Abdul Ghafoor & Abdulazeez Hudu Wudil & Muhammad Usman & Piotr Prus & Alexander Fehér & Roman Sass, 2024. "Youth Engagement in Agribusiness: Perception, Constraints, and Skill Training Interventions in Africa: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-26, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Abebaw, Degnet & Fentie, Yibeltal & Kassa, Belay, 2010. "The impact of a food security program on household food consumption in Northwestern Ethiopia: A matching estimator approach," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 286-293, August.
    2. Svetlana Batrakova & Ronald Davies, 2012. "Is there an environmental benefit to being an exporter? Evidence from firm-level data," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 148(3), pages 449-474, September.
    3. Havrylchyk, Olena & Jurzyk, Emilia, 2011. "Inherited or earned? Performance of foreign banks in Central and Eastern Europe," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1291-1302, May.
    4. Mario Liebensteiner, 2014. "Estimating the Income Gain of Seasonal Labor Migration," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(4), pages 667-680, November.
    5. Falk, Martin, 2017. "Gains from horizontal collaboration among ski areas," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 92-104.
    6. Messe, Pierre-Jean & Rouland, Bénédicte, 2014. "Stricter employment protection and firms' incentives to sponsor training: The case of French older workers," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 14-26.
    7. Islam, Abu Hayat, 2015. "Can Integrated Rice-Fish System Increase Welfare of the Marginalized Extreme Poor in Bangladesh? A DID Matching Approach," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 211792, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    8. Jaana Rahko, 2016. "Internationalization of corporate R&D activities and innovation performance," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 25(6), pages 1019-1038.
    9. Pont-Grau, Alex & Lei, Yu-Hsiang & Lim, Joel Z.E. & Xia, Xing, 2023. "The effect of language training on immigrants’ integration: Does the duration of training matter?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 160-198.
    10. Hebe N Gouda & Andrew Hodge & Raoul Bermejo III & Willibald Zeck & Eliana Jimenez-Soto, 2016. "The Impact of Healthcare Insurance on the Utilisation of Facility-Based Delivery for Childbirth in the Philippines," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
    11. Luis Aranda, 2013. "Doubling Up: A Gift or a Shame? Multigenerational Households and Parental Depression of Older Europeans," Working Papers 2013:29, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari", revised 2013.
    12. Rishika Rishika & Ashish Kumar & Ramkumar Janakiraman & Ram Bezawada, 2013. "The Effect of Customers' Social Media Participation on Customer Visit Frequency and Profitability: An Empirical Investigation," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 24(1), pages 108-127, March.
    13. Andrea Pufahl & Christoph R. Weiss, 2009. "Evaluating the effects of farm programmes: results from propensity score matching," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 36(1), pages 79-101, March.
    14. Dettmann, E. & Becker, C. & Schmeißer, C., 2011. "Distance functions for matching in small samples," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 55(5), pages 1942-1960, May.
    15. Jan Fałkowski & Maciej Jakubowski & Paweł Strawiński, 2014. "Returns from income strategies in rural Poland," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 22(1), pages 139-178, January.
    16. Asad K. Ghalib & Issam Malki & Katsushi S. Imai, 2012. "Microfinance and its role in household poverty reduction: findings from Pakistan," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series 17312, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    17. Ramírez-Álvarez, Aurora Alejandra, 2019. "Land titling and its effect on the allocation of public goods: Evidence from Mexico," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 1-1.
    18. Aki Kangasharju, 2007. "Do Wage Subsidies Increase Employment in Subsidized Firms?," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 74(293), pages 51-67, February.
    19. Yoko Kijima, 2022. "Effect of Nigeria’s e-voucher input subsidy program on fertilizer use, rice production, and household income," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 14(4), pages 919-935, August.
    20. Ashimwe, Olive, 2016. "An Economic Analysis Of Impact Of Weather Index-Based Crop Insurance On Household Income In Huye District Of Rwanda," Research Theses 265675, Collaborative Masters Program in Agricultural and Applied Economics.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:151:y:2022:i:c:s0305750x21003478. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.