IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/trapol/v47y2016icp55-63.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Survey methodology for measuring parking occupancy: Impacts of an on-street parking pricing scheme in an urban center

Author

Listed:
  • Cats, Oded
  • Zhang, Chen
  • Nissan, Albania

Abstract

Parking pricing policies can be used as a policy instrument to steer the parking market and reduce the externalities caused by traffic in general and parking in particular. A more efficient management of parking demand can improve the utilization of the limited parking capacity in high-demand areas. Even though parking policies are often a topic of public debate, there is lack of systematic empirical analysis of various parking measures. This paper proposes a survey methodology to empirically measure the impacts of on-street parking policies based on automated parking transaction data. Parking performance is computed based on data available from ticket vending machines calibrated using floating car films. The survey method allows comparing parking occupancy including its temporal variations, allowing the analysis of the accumulated utilization pattern. Average and maximum parking occupancy levels, throughput, parking duration and total fare collection are compared prior and following the introduction of a new parking scheme for visitors to Stockholm inner-city, Sweden. The results indicate that the policy fulfilled its objective to increase the ease of finding a vacant parking place in the central areas and even resulted with underutilized parking spaces.

Suggested Citation

  • Cats, Oded & Zhang, Chen & Nissan, Albania, 2016. "Survey methodology for measuring parking occupancy: Impacts of an on-street parking pricing scheme in an urban center," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 55-63.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:47:y:2016:i:c:p:55-63
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.12.008
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X15300858
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.12.008?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Andrew Kelly, J. & Peter Clinch, J., 2006. "Influence of varied parking tariffs on parking occupancy levels by trip purpose," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 487-495, November.
    2. Fosgerau, Mogens & de Palma, André, 2013. "The dynamics of urban traffic congestion and the price of parking," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 106-115.
    3. Kelly, J. Andrew & Clinch, J. Peter, 2009. "Temporal variance of revealed preference on-street parking price elasticity," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 193-199, August.
    4. Mingardo, Giuliano & van Wee, Bert & Rye, Tom, 2015. "Urban parking policy in Europe: A conceptualization of past and possible future trends," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 268-281.
    5. Qian, Zhen (Sean) & Rajagopal, Ram, 2014. "Optimal occupancy-driven parking pricing under demand uncertainties and traveler heterogeneity: A stochastic control approach," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 144-165.
    6. Petiot, Romain, 2004. "Parking enforcement and travel demand management," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 399-411, October.
    7. Hensher, David A. & King, Jenny, 2001. "Parking demand and responsiveness to supply, pricing and location in the Sydney central business district," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 177-196, March.
    8. Edward Calthrop & Stef Proost & Kurt van Dender, 2000. "Parking Policies and Road Pricing," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 37(1), pages 63-76, January.
    9. Arnott, Richard & Rowse, John, 2013. "Curbside parking time limits," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 89-110.
    10. Thompson, Russell G. & Richardson, Anthony J., 1998. "A Parking Search Model," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 159-170, April.
    11. Albert, Gila & Mahalel, David, 2006. "Congestion tolls and parking fees: A comparison of the potential effect on travel behavior," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 496-502, November.
    12. Romain Petiot, 2004. "Parking enforcement and travel demand management," Post-Print hal-02422664, HAL.
    13. Ottosson, Dadi Baldur & Chen, Cynthia & Wang, Tingting & Lin, Haiyun, 2013. "The sensitivity of on-street parking demand in response to price changes: A case study in Seattle, WA," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 222-232.
    14. Hamilton, Carl J. & Eliasson, Jonas & Brundell-Freij, Karin & Raux, Charles & Souche, Stephanie & Kiiskilää, Kati & Tervonen, Juha, 2014. "Determinants of congestion pricing acceptability," Working papers in Transport Economics 2014:11, CTS - Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm (KTH and VTI).
    15. Gregory Pierce & Donald Shoup, 2013. "Getting the Prices Right," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 79(1), pages 67-81, January.
    16. Verhoef, Erik & Nijkamp, Peter & Rietveld, Piet, 1995. "The economics of regulatory parking policies: The (IM)possibilities of parking policies in traffic regulation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 141-156, March.
    17. Fosgerau, Mogens & de Palma, André, 2013. "The dynamics of urban traffic congestion and the price of parking�," MPRA Paper 48433, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Gonzalez, Juan Nicolas & Gomez, Juan & Vassallo, Jose Manuel, 2023. "Are low emission zones and on-street parking management effective in reducing parking demand for most polluting vehicles and promoting greener ones?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    2. Zhong Wang & Rui Xu, 2022. "Price Controls and Platform Ecosystem: A Comparative Analysis of Parking Applications between Beijing and London," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Shao, Saijun & Xu, Su Xiu & Yang, Hai & Huang, George Q., 2020. "Parking reservation disturbances," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 83-97.
    4. Gössling, Stefan & Humpe, Andreas & Hologa, Rafael & Riach, Nils & Freytag, Tim, 2022. "Parking violations as an economic gamble for public space," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 248-257.
    5. Lehner, Stephan & Peer, Stefanie, 2019. "The price elasticity of parking: A meta-analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 177-191.
    6. Niu, Zhipeng & Hu, Xiaowei & Fatmi, Mahmudur & Qi, Shouming & Wang, Siqing & Yang, Haihua & An, Shi, 2023. "Parking occupancy prediction under COVID-19 anti-pandemic policies: A model based on a policy-aware temporal convolutional network," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    7. Mo, Baichuan & Kong, Hui & Wang, Hao & Wang, Xiaokun (Cara) & Li, Ruimin, 2021. "Impact of pricing policy change on on-street parking demand and user satisfaction: A case study in Nanning, China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 445-469.
    8. Ling-Ling Xiao & Tian-Liang Liu & Hai-Jun Huang, 2021. "Tradable permit schemes for managing morning commute with carpool under parking space constraint," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(4), pages 1563-1586, August.
    9. Yegor Yu. Muleev, 2019. "Investigating The Cross-National Comparability Of Testing Using Response Time," HSE Working papers WP BRP 09/URB/2020, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    10. Pyddoke, Roger, 2023. "Comparison of policies for increasing sustainable transport mode shares in Swedish cities," Working Papers 2023:9, Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI).
    11. Leclercq, Ludovic & Sénécat, Alméria & Mariotte, Guilhem, 2017. "Dynamic macroscopic simulation of on-street parking search: A trip-based approach," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 268-282.
    12. Eliasson, Jonas & Börjesson, Maria, 2022. "Costs and benefits of parking charges in residential areas," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 95-109.
    13. Dave, Sanjaykumar M. & Joshi, Gaurang J. & Ravinder, Kayitha & Gore, Ninad, 2019. "Data monitoring for the assessment of on-street parking demand in CBD areas of developing countries," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 152-171.
    14. Yu, Zidong & Wang, Haotian & Liu, Xintao, 2024. "Unraveling intra-urban freight parking patterns: A data-driven geospatial study of shared logistics sector in Hong Kong," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    15. Clélia Lopez & Chuan-Lin Zhao & Stéphane Magniol & Nicolas Chiabaut & Ludovic Leclercq, 2019. "Microscopic Simulation of Cruising for Parking of Trucks as a Measure to Manage Freight Loading Zone," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Inci, Eren, 2015. "A review of the economics of parking," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 50-63.
    2. Mo, Baichuan & Kong, Hui & Wang, Hao & Wang, Xiaokun (Cara) & Li, Ruimin, 2021. "Impact of pricing policy change on on-street parking demand and user satisfaction: A case study in Nanning, China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 445-469.
    3. Wang, Hao & Li, Ruimin & Wang, Xiaokun (Cara) & Shang, Pan, 2020. "Effect of on-street parking pricing policies on parking characteristics: A case study of Nanning," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 65-78.
    4. Francis Ostermeijer & Hans RA Koster & Leonardo Nunes & Jos van Ommeren, 2021. "Citywide parking policy and traffic: Evidence from Amsterdam," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 21-015/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    5. Ostermeijer, Francis & Koster, Hans & Nunes, Leonardo & van Ommeren, Jos, 2022. "Citywide parking policy and traffic: Evidence from Amsterdam," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    6. Lehner, Stephan & Peer, Stefanie, 2019. "The price elasticity of parking: A meta-analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 177-191.
    7. Krishnamurthy, Chandra Kiran B. & Ngo, Nicole S., 2020. "The effects of smart-parking on transit and traffic: Evidence from SFpark," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    8. Gallo, Mariano & D'Acierno, Luca & Montella, Bruno, 2011. "A multilayer model to simulate cruising for parking in urban areas," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 735-744, September.
    9. Ottosson, Dadi Baldur & Chen, Cynthia & Wang, Tingting & Lin, Haiyun, 2013. "The sensitivity of on-street parking demand in response to price changes: A case study in Seattle, WA," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 222-232.
    10. Caicedo, Felix & Diaz, Alejandra, 2013. "Case analysis of simultaneous concessions of parking meters and underground parking facilities," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 358-378.
    11. Piccioni, Cristiana & Valtorta, Marco & Musso, Antonio, 2019. "Investigating effectiveness of on-street parking pricing schemes in urban areas: An empirical study in Rome," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 136-147.
    12. van Ommeren, Jos & de Groote, Jesper & Mingardo, Giuliano, 2014. "Residential parking permits and parking supply," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 33-44.
    13. Najmi, Ali & Bostanara, Maryam & Gu, Ziyuan & Rashidi, Taha H., 2021. "On-street parking management and pricing policies: An evaluation from a system enhancement perspective," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 128-151.
    14. Gragera, Albert & Hybel, Jesper & Madsen, Edith & Mulalic, Ismir, 2021. "A model for estimation of the demand for on-street parking," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 28(C).
    15. Andrew Kelly, J. & Peter Clinch, J., 2006. "Influence of varied parking tariffs on parking occupancy levels by trip purpose," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 487-495, November.
    16. Asplund, Disa & Pyddoke, Roger, 2021. "Optimal pricing of car use in a small city: A case study of Uppsala," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 88-103.
    17. Bergantino, Angela Stefania & De Carlo, Angela & Morone, Andrea, 2015. "Individuals’ behaviour with respect to parking alternatives: a laboratory experiment," MPRA Paper 63815, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Simićević, Jelena & Vukanović, Smiljan & Milosavljević, Nada, 2013. "The effect of parking charges and time limit to car usage and parking behaviour," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 125-131.
    19. Fang Zong & Meng Zeng & Ping Yu, 2024. "A parking pricing scheme considering parking dynamics," Transportation, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 1349-1371, August.
    20. Milosavljević, Nada & Simićević, Jelena, 2016. "User response to parking policy change: A comparison of stated and revealed preference data," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 40-45.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:47:y:2016:i:c:p:55-63. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30473/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.