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Deregulation of the Norwegian long distance express coach market

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  • Aarhaug, Jørgen
  • Fearnley, Nils

Abstract

This paper offers new insight to the effects of long distance express coach deregulation in Norway, which formally happened gradually between 1998 and 2003. We study data over a period that spans from the years prior to deregulation and up to 2010. We document the degree of both competition and cooperation in the market, which has taken a particular form in Norway due to historical requirements on coach operations. We also document that the market has changed character as a consequence of intermodal competition, in particular with air traffic. Our paper documents the successful development of an often neglected public transport mode, which has the potential to make long distance passenger transport more efficient more sustainable, and with hardly any subsidy requirements.

Suggested Citation

  • Aarhaug, Jørgen & Fearnley, Nils, 2016. "Deregulation of the Norwegian long distance express coach market," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 1-6.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:46:y:2016:i:c:p:1-6
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.11.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. White, Peter & Robbins, Derek, 2012. "Long-term development of express coach services in Britain," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 30-38.
    6. Beria, Paolo & Grimaldi, Raffaele & Debernardi, Andrea & Ferrara, Emanuele & Laurino, Antonio, 2014. "Spatial and scenario analyses of long distance coach transport in Italy," MPRA Paper 54739, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Alexandersson, Gunnar & Hultén, Staffan & Fearnley, Nils & Longva, Frode, 2010. "Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 212-218.
    8. Augustin, Katrin & Gerike, Regine & Martinez Sanchez, Manuel Josue & Ayala, Carolina, 2014. "Analysis of intercity bus markets on long distances in an established and a young market: The example of the U.S. and Germany," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 245-254.
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    Cited by:

    1. Odeck, James & Høyem, Harald, 2021. "The impact of competitive tendering on operational costs and market concentration in public transport: The Norwegian car ferry services," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    2. Blayac, Thierry & Bougette, Patrice, 2017. "Should I go by bus? The liberalization of the long-distance bus industry in France," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 50-62.
    3. Burgdorf, Christian & Eisenkopf, Alexander, 2018. "Effects of road tolls for intercity buses on travel activities and the choice of means of transport in German long-distance passenger transport," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 92-105.
    4. Reynolds, Tim & White, Peter, 2022. "Forty years’ experience of deregulated express coach services in Britain," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    5. Brand, Christina & Sieg, Gernot, 2020. "The impact of delays on the welfare effects of on-track competition: The case of transfer passengers with operator-tied tickets," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    6. Riku Buri & Miika Heinonen & Jonatan Kanervo & Joel Karjalainen, 2024. "The effects of entry deregulation: evidence from interurban passenger transport," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 66(2), pages 181-204, December.
    7. Aarhaug, Jørgen & Fearnley, Nils & Gregersen, Fredrik A. & Norseng, Robert Bjørnøy, 2018. "20 years of competitive tendering in the Norwegian bus industry – An analysis of bidders and winning bids," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 97-105.
    8. Van Acker, Veronique & Kessels, Roselinde & Palhazi Cuervo, Daniel & Lannoo, Steven & Witlox, Frank, 2020. "Preferences for long-distance coach transport: Evidence from a discrete choice experiment," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 759-779.
    9. Beria, Paolo & Bertolin, Alberto, 2019. "Evolving long-distance passenger services. Market concentration, fares and specialisation patterns in Italy," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 77-92.
    10. Samuel de Haas & Daniel Herold & Jan Thomas Schaefer, 2017. "Entry deterrence due to brand proliferation: Empirical evidence from the German interurban bus industry," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201731, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    11. Abrate, Graziano & Erbetta, Fabrizio & Fraquelli, Giovanni & Vannoni, Davide, 2016. "Bet big on doubles, bet smaller on triples. Exploring scope economies in multi-service passenger transport companies," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 81-88.
    12. Thierry Blayac & Patrice Bougette, 2023. "What can be Expected from Mergers After Deregulation? The Case of the Long-Distance Bus Industry in France," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 62(1), pages 63-97, February.
    13. Aarhaug, Jørgen & Farstad, Eivind & Fearnley, Nils & Halse, Askill Harkjerr, 2018. "Express coaches: An up-hill battle after liberalization?," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 82-91.
    14. de Haas, Samuel & Herold, Daniel & Schäfer, Jan Thomas, 2022. "Entry deterrence due to brand proliferation: Empirical evidence from the German interurban bus industry," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    15. Kilani, Moez & de Palma, André & Proost, Stef, 2017. "Are users better-off with new transit lines?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 95-105.
    16. Mathisen, Terje Andreas, 2016. "Competitive tendering and cross-shareholding in public passenger transport," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 45-48.
    17. Fageda, Xavier & Sansano, Sergi, 2018. "Factors influencing prices and frequencies in the interurban bus market: Evidence from Europe," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 266-276.
    18. Ali Solak, 2016. "Regulations in Scheduled Intercity Coach Transport Sector in Turkey," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(8), pages 1-33, August.
    19. Beria, Paolo & Nistri, Dario & Laurino, Antonio, 2018. "Intercity coach liberalisation in Italy: Fares determinants in an evolving market," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 260-269.

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