IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/transe/v82y2015icp79-100.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Slot auction in an airport network with demand uncertainty

Author

Listed:
  • Sheng, Dian
  • Li, Zhi-Chun
  • Xiao, Yi-bin
  • Fu, Xiaowen

Abstract

This paper investigates the effectiveness of airport slot auction by developing a two-stage model, which distributes slots among competing airlines using an ascending-bid multi-unit auction. Airlines assign different values to slots at peak and off-peak periods, and each carrier has its private (subjective) forecast of future demand. Conditional on the slots available to them, airlines compete in frequency, fare, and aircraft size over a congested airport network. The market outcome under such a scheme is benchmarked to those under an ex ante allocation and an ex post allocation by a social planner. Comparison results suggest that the auction-based scheme is inferior to the other two schemes when there is little fluctuation in demand, whereas the auction-based system is more effective when there is substantial demand uncertainty. Auctioning some grandfathered slots can improve social welfare but the marginal effect may diminish quickly.

Suggested Citation

  • Sheng, Dian & Li, Zhi-Chun & Xiao, Yi-bin & Fu, Xiaowen, 2015. "Slot auction in an airport network with demand uncertainty," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 79-100.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:82:y:2015:i:c:p:79-100
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2015.07.010
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554515001507
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tre.2015.07.010?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. André de Palma & Robin Lindsey & Emile Quinet & Roger Vickerman (ed.), 2011. "A Handbook of Transport Economics," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 12679.
    2. Verhoef, Erik T., 2010. "Congestion pricing, slot sales and slot trading in aviation," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 320-329, March.
    3. Madas, Michael A. & Zografos, Konstantinos G., 2006. "Airport slot allocation: From instruments to strategies," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 53-62.
    4. Starkie, David, 1998. "Allocating airport slots: a role for the market?," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 111-116.
    5. Paul Klemperer, 2002. "What Really Matters in Auction Design," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(1), pages 169-189, Winter.
    6. Czerny, Achim I., 2010. "Airport congestion management under uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 371-380, March.
    7. Sieg, Gernot, 2010. "Grandfather rights in the market for airport slots," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 29-37, January.
    8. Basso, Leonardo J. & Zhang, Anming, 2008. "On the relationship between airport pricing models," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 42(9), pages 725-735, November.
    9. David Gillen, 2011. "Airport Governance and Regulation: Three Decades of Aviation System Reform," Chapters, in: André de Palma & Robin Lindsey & Emile Quinet & Roger Vickerman (ed.), A Handbook of Transport Economics, chapter 34, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    10. Fukui, Hideki, 2010. "An empirical analysis of airport slot trading in the United States," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 330-357, March.
    11. Saraswati, Batari & Hanaoka, Shinya, 2014. "Airport–airline cooperation under commercial revenue sharing agreements: A network approach," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 17-33.
    12. Adler, Nicole, 2001. "Competition in a deregulated air transportation market," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 129(2), pages 337-345, March.
    13. Gillen, David, 2011. "The evolution of airport ownership and governance," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 3-13.
    14. Lorenzo Castelli & Paola Pellegrini & Raffaele Pesenti, 2012. "Airport slot allocation in Europe: economic efficiency and fairness," International Journal of Revenue Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 6(1/2), pages 28-44.
    15. Sentance, A., 2003. "Airport slot auctions: desirable or feasible?," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 53-57, March.
    16. Alessandro Avenali & Anna D’Annunzio & Pierfrancesco Reverberi, 2013. "Bundling, Competition and Quality Investment: A Welfare Analysis," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 43(3), pages 221-241, November.
    17. Maldoom, D., 2003. "Auctioning capacity at airports," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 47-51, March.
    18. Klemperer, Paul, 2002. "How (not) to run auctions: The European 3G telecom auctions," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(4-5), pages 829-845, May.
    19. André de Palma & Robin Lindsey & Emile Quinet & Robert Vickerman, 2011. "Handbook Of Transport Economics," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-00754912, HAL.
    20. Xiao, Yibin & Fu, Xiaowen & Zhang, Anming, 2013. "Demand uncertainty and airport capacity choice," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 91-104.
    21. Tae Hoon Oum & Anming Zhang & Yimin Zhang, 2004. "Alternative Forms of Economic Regulation and their Efficiency Implications for Airports," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 38(2), pages 217-246, May.
    22. Pellegrini, Paola & Castelli, Lorenzo & Pesenti, Raffaele, 2012. "Secondary trading of airport slots as a combinatorial exchange," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(5), pages 1009-1022.
    23. Zhang, Anming & Fu, Xiaowen & Yang, Hangjun (Gavin), 2010. "Revenue sharing with multiple airlines and airports," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(8-9), pages 944-959, September.
    24. Philippe Jehiel & Benny Moldovanu, 2003. "An economic perspective on auctions [‘An efficient as cending-bid auction for multiple objects’]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 18(36), pages 269-308.
    25. Hsu, Chaug-Ing & Wen, Yuh-Horng, 2003. "Determining flight frequencies on an airline network with demand-supply interactions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 417-441, November.
    26. Xiaowen Fu & Mark Lijesen & Tae H. Oum, 2006. "An Analysis of Airport Pricing and Regulation in the Presence of Competition Between Full Service Airlines and Low Cost Carriers," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 40(3), pages 425-447, September.
    27. Hansen, Mark, 1990. "Airline competition in a hub-dominated environment: An application of noncooperative game theory," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 24(1), pages 27-43, February.
    28. Adler, Nicole & Smilowitz, Karen, 2007. "Hub-and-spoke network alliances and mergers: Price-location competition in the airline industry," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 41(4), pages 394-409, May.
    29. Heidrun C. Hoppe & Philippe Jehiel & Benny Moldovanu, 2006. "License Auctions and Market Structure," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(2), pages 371-396, June.
    30. Basso, Leonardo J. & Zhang, Anming, 2010. "Pricing vs. slot policies when airport profits matter," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 381-391, March.
    31. Douglas, George W & Miller, James C, III, 1974. "Quality Competition, Industry Equilibrium, and Efficiency in the Price-Constrained Airline Market," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 64(4), pages 657-669, September.
    32. Oum, Tae Hoon & Fu, Xiaowen, 2007. "Air transport security user charge pricing: An investigation of flat per-passenger charge vs. Ad Valorem user charge schemes," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(3), pages 283-293, May.
    33. Xiaowen Fu & Anming Zhang, 2010. "Effects of Airport Concession Revenue Sharing on Airline Competition and Social Welfare," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 44(2), pages 119-138, May.
    34. Hong, Sungwook & Harker, Patrick T., 1992. "Air traffic network equilibrium: Toward frequency, price and slot priority analysis," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 307-323, August.
    35. Yang, Hangjun & Fu, Xiaowen, 2015. "A comparison of price-cap and light-handed airport regulation with demand uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 122-132.
    36. Swan, William M. & Adler, Nicole, 2006. "Aircraft trip cost parameters: A function of stage length and seat capacity," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 105-115, March.
    37. Zhang, Anming & Zhang, Yimin, 2003. "Airport charges and capacity expansion: effects of concessions and privatization," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 54-75, January.
    38. Achim Czerny, 2006. "Price-cap Regulation of Airports: Single-till Versus Dual-till," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 85-97, July.
    39. Zhang, Anming & Zhang, Yimin, 1997. "Concession revenue and optimal airport pricing," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 287-296, December.
    40. Ken Hendricks & Michele Piccione & Guofu Tan, 1999. "Equilibria in Networks," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 67(6), pages 1407-1434, November.
    41. Nicole Adler, 2005. "Hub-Spoke Network Choice Under Competition with an Application to Western Europe," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 39(1), pages 58-72, February.
    42. Phillip J. Lederer & Ramakrishnan S. Nambimadom, 1998. "Airline Network Design," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 46(6), pages 785-804, December.
    43. Madas, Michael A. & Zografos, Konstantinos G., 2008. "Airport capacity vs. demand: Mismatch or mismanagement?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 203-226, January.
    44. Lawrence M. Ausubel, 2004. "An Efficient Ascending-Bid Auction for Multiple Objects," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(5), pages 1452-1475, December.
    45. Li, Zhi-Chun & Lam, William H.K. & Wong, S.C. & Fu, Xiaowen, 2010. "Optimal route allocation in a liberalizing airline market," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(7), pages 886-902, August.
    46. Brueckner, Jan K., 2009. "Price vs. quantity-based approaches to airport congestion management," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(5-6), pages 681-690, June.
    47. Fu, Xiaowen & Homsombat, Winai & Oum, Tae H., 2011. "Airport–airline vertical relationships, their effects and regulatory policy implications," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 17(6), pages 347-353.
    48. Peter Forsyth, 2005. "Airport Infrastructure for the Airbus A380: Cost Recovery and Pricing," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 39(3), pages 341-362, September.
    49. Zhang, Anming & Zhang, Yimin, 2010. "Airport capacity and congestion pricing with both aeronautical and commercial operations," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 404-413, March.
    50. S.J. Rassenti & V.L. Smith & R.L. Bulfin, 1982. "A Combinatorial Auction Mechanism for Airport Time Slot Allocation," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 13(2), pages 402-417, Autumn.
    51. Peter P. Belobaba, 1989. "OR Practice—Application of a Probabilistic Decision Model to Airline Seat Inventory Control," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 37(2), pages 183-197, April.
    52. Forsyth, Peter, 2007. "The impacts of emerging aviation trends on airport infrastructure," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 45-52.
    53. Avenali, Alessandro & D'Alfonso, Tiziana & Leporelli, Claudio & Matteucci, Giorgio & Nastasi, Alberto & Reverberi, Pierfrancesco, 2015. "An incentive pricing mechanism for efficient airport slot allocation in Europe," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 27-36.
    54. Czerny, Achim I., 2013. "Public versus private airport behavior when concession revenues exist," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 38-46.
    55. Zhang, Yimin, 2010. "Network structure and capacity requirement: The case of China," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 189-197, March.
    56. Barbot, Cristina, 2004. "Economic effects of re-allocating airports slots: a vertical differentiation approach," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 10(5), pages 333-343.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yi Yang & Shangwen Yang & Ming Tong & Ying Xu, 2023. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: A novel dynamic en-route and slot allocation method based on receding horizon control," Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Wang, Chunan & Wang, Xiaoyu, 2019. "Airport congestion delays and airline networks," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 328-349.
    3. Ng, Kam To & Fu, Xiaowen & Lee, Jaewoon & Yamaguchi, Katsuhiro & Zhu, Chuanyan, 2023. "The Effects of Bankruptcy on Airline Yield and Frequency: The case of the duopolistic domestic market in Japan," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 28-36.
    4. Pellegrini, Paola & Bolić, Tatjana & Castelli, Lorenzo & Pesenti, Raffaele, 2017. "SOSTA: An effective model for the Simultaneous Optimisation of airport SloT Allocation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 34-53.
    5. Tu, Ningwen & Li, Zhi-Chun & Fu, Xiaowen & Lei, Zheng, 2020. "Airline network competition in inter-continental market," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    6. Hou, Meng & Wang, Kun & Yang, Hangjun, 2021. "Hub airport slot Re-allocation and subsidy policy to speed up air traffic recovery amid COVID-19 pandemic --- case on the Chinese airline market," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    7. Fu, Xiaowen & Lei, Zheng & Liu, Shaoxuan & Wang, Kun & Yan, Jia, 2020. "On-time performance policy in the Chinese aviation market - An innovation or disruption?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 14-23.
    8. Eduardo Cardadeiro & João E. Gata, 2023. "Market-based allocation of airport slots: the PAUSE auction mechanism and extensions," Working Papers REM 2023/0260, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    9. Sheng, Dian & Li, Zhi-Chun & Fu, Xiaowen, 2019. "Modeling the effects of airline slot hoarding behavior under the grandfather rights with use-it-or-lose-it rule," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 48-61.
    10. Lee, Heeyeon & Jung, Jihyeok & Lee, Deok-Joo, 2024. "An auction-based airport slot reallocation scheme considering the grandfather rights of airlines," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    11. Dixit, Aasheesh Kumar & Shakya, Garima & Jakhar, Suresh Kumar & Nath, Swaprava, 2023. "Algorithmic mechanism design for egalitarian and congestion-aware airport slot allocation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    12. Wang, Kun & Tsui, Kan Wai Hong & Liang, Liping & Fu, Xiaowen, 2017. "Entry patterns of low-cost carriers in Hong Kong and implications to the regional market," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 64(PB), pages 101-112.
    13. Hu, Rong & Feng, Huilin & Witlox, Frank & Zhang, Junfeng & Connor, Kevin O., 2022. "Airport capacity constraints and air traffic demand in China," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    14. Dixit, Aasheesh & Jakhar, Suresh Kumar, 2021. "Airport capacity management: A review and bibliometric analysis," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    15. Li, Zhi-Chun & Sheng, Dian, 2016. "Forecasting passenger travel demand for air and high-speed rail integration service: A case study of Beijing-Guangzhou corridor, China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 397-410.
    16. Ng, Kam To & Fu, Xiaowen & Hanaoka, Shinya & Oum, Tae Hoon, 2022. "Japanese aviation market performance during the COVID-19 pandemic - Analyzing airline yield and competition in the domestic market," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 237-247.
    17. Xiao, Yi-bin & Fu, Xiaowen & Oum, Tae H. & Yan, Jia, 2017. "Modeling airport capacity choice with real options," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 93-114.
    18. Fukui, Hideki, 2019. "How do slot restrictions affect airfares? New evidence from the US airline industry," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 51-71.
    19. Xiao, Yibin & Fu, Xiaowen & Zhang, Anming, 2016. "Airport capacity choice under airport-airline vertical arrangements," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 298-309.
    20. Hu, Rong & Xiao, Yi-bin & Jiang, Changmin, 2018. "Jet fuel hedging, operational fuel efficiency improvement and carbon tax," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 103-123.
    21. Till Kösters & Marlena Meier & Gernot Sieg, 2023. "Effects of the use-it-or-lose-it rule on airline strategy and climate," Working Papers 36, Institute of Transport Economics, University of Muenster.
    22. Fukui, Hideki & Miyoshi, Chikage, 2024. "Estimating tactical surface metering management’s effect on aircraft fuel savings at airport," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xiao, Yi-bin & Fu, Xiaowen & Oum, Tae H. & Yan, Jia, 2017. "Modeling airport capacity choice with real options," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 93-114.
    2. Yang, Hangjun & Fu, Xiaowen, 2015. "A comparison of price-cap and light-handed airport regulation with demand uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 122-132.
    3. Sheng, Dian & Li, Zhi-Chun & Fu, Xiaowen, 2019. "Modeling the effects of airline slot hoarding behavior under the grandfather rights with use-it-or-lose-it rule," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 48-61.
    4. Xiao, Yibin & Fu, Xiaowen & Zhang, Anming, 2013. "Demand uncertainty and airport capacity choice," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 91-104.
    5. Dixit, Aasheesh & Jakhar, Suresh Kumar, 2021. "Airport capacity management: A review and bibliometric analysis," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    6. Avenali, Alessandro & D'Alfonso, Tiziana & Leporelli, Claudio & Matteucci, Giorgio & Nastasi, Alberto & Reverberi, Pierfrancesco, 2015. "An incentive pricing mechanism for efficient airport slot allocation in Europe," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 27-36.
    7. Zhang, Anming & Czerny, Achim I., 2012. "Airports and airlines economics and policy: An interpretive review of recent research," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 15-34.
    8. Fu, Xiaowen & Lei, Zheng & Liu, Shaoxuan & Wang, Kun & Yan, Jia, 2020. "On-time performance policy in the Chinese aviation market - An innovation or disruption?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 14-23.
    9. Xiao, Yibin & Fu, Xiaowen & Zhang, Anming, 2016. "Airport capacity choice under airport-airline vertical arrangements," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 298-309.
    10. Tu, Ningwen & Li, Zhi-Chun & Fu, Xiaowen & Lei, Zheng, 2020. "Airline network competition in inter-continental market," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    11. Gong, Zhenwei & Zhang, Fangni & Liu, Wei & Graham, Daniel J., 2023. "On the effects of airport capacity expansion under responsive airlines and elastic passenger demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 48-76.
    12. Li, Zhi-Chun & Lam, William H.K. & Wong, S.C. & Fu, Xiaowen, 2010. "Optimal route allocation in a liberalizing airline market," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(7), pages 886-902, August.
    13. Zheng, Shiyuan & Wang, Kun & Chan, Felix T.S. & Fu, Xiaowen & Li, Zhi-Chun, 2022. "Subsidy on transport adaptation investment-modeling decisions under incomplete information and ambiguity," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 103-129.
    14. Till Kösters & Marlena Meier & Gernot Sieg, 2023. "Effects of the use-it-or-lose-it rule on airline strategy and climate," Working Papers 36, Institute of Transport Economics, University of Muenster.
    15. Pellegrini, Paola & Bolić, Tatjana & Castelli, Lorenzo & Pesenti, Raffaele, 2017. "SOSTA: An effective model for the Simultaneous Optimisation of airport SloT Allocation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 34-53.
    16. Saraswati, Batari & Hanaoka, Shinya, 2014. "Airport–airline cooperation under commercial revenue sharing agreements: A network approach," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 17-33.
    17. Li, Zhi-Chun & Tu, Ningwen & Fu, Xiaowen & Sheng, Dian, 2022. "Modeling the effects of airline and high-speed rail cooperation on multi-airport systems: The implications on congestion, competition and social welfare," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 448-478.
    18. Engel, Eduardo & Fischer, Ronald & Galetovic, Alexander, 2018. "The joy of flying: Efficient airport PPP contracts," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 131-146.
    19. Kidokoro, Yukihiro & Zhang, Anming, 2018. "Airport congestion pricing and cost recovery with side business," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 114(PA), pages 222-236.
    20. Hangjun Yang & Anming Zhang, 2011. "Price-cap regulation of congested airports," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 39(3), pages 293-312, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:82:y:2015:i:c:p:79-100. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600244/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.