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The causality of road traffic fatalities with its determinants in upper middle income countries: A continent-wide comparison

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  • Ali, Qamar
  • Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan
  • Khan, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal

Abstract

This study aims to compare the causality and elasticity of road traffic fatalities (RTF) with their determinants for upper middle income countries from three continents by using annual data from 1994 to 2016. Vector Error Correction Model revealed the long run causality of RTF (Asia, Europe, America), GDP (Asia), rainfall (Europe), and population density (Europe, America). Two-way short-run causality was established in three panels of UMICs between RTF and rainfall (Asia), RTF and GDP (Europe, America), and RTF and population density (America). Short-run uni-directional causal association was also observed from RTF to GDP (Asia), RTF to rainfall (Europe, America), RTF to population density (Asia, Europe), and health expenditures to RTF (Europe). A significant fall in RTF was observed due to 1% rise in the share of health expenditures in GDP in UMICs from Asia (0.267%), Europe (0.064%), and America (0.549%). The significant rise in RTF was0.180%, 0.241%, and 0.702%due to 1%increase in per capita GDP in Asia, Europe, and America. The road safety is reduced due to rainfall because the rise in RTF was 0.082%and 0.260%for 1% rise in the rainfall in Asia and America, respectively. The impact of population density was beneficial for the road safety because the decrease in RTF was 0.246%, 0.234%, and 0.977% for 1% rise in the population density in Asia, Europe, and America. The governments should make strict policies for traffic laws implementation. The government should allocate more budget for health sector expenditures. The governments should include traffic education as part of syllabus from primary to higher studies. Government should create awareness about the loss due to road crashes.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali, Qamar & Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan & Khan, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal, 2019. "The causality of road traffic fatalities with its determinants in upper middle income countries: A continent-wide comparison," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 301-312.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:119:y:2019:i:c:p:301-312
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2018.12.002
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    Cited by:

    1. Khan, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal & Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan & Ali, Qamar, 2019. "Nexus between financial development, tourism, renewable energy, and greenhouse gas emission in high-income countries: A continent-wise analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 293-310.
    2. Poddar, Prashant & Singh, Vijaya, 2021. "When left is ‘right’! The impact of driving-side practice on road fatalities in Africa," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 225-232.
    3. Elena-Maria Prada & Erika Marin & Monica Roman, 2023. "Unravelling The Road Safety Challenges: A Spatial Analysis Of Road Fatalities Rates," Romanian Journal of Regional Science, Romanian Regional Science Association, vol. 17(2), pages 26-39, DECEMBER.
    4. Ali, Qamar & Raza, Ali & Narjis, Saadia & Saeed, Sahrish & Khan, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal, 2020. "Potential of renewable energy, agriculture, and financial sector for the economic growth: Evidence from politically free, partly free and not free countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 934-947.
    5. Shahzadi, Irum & Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan & Iqbal Khan, Muhammad Tariq & Amjad Makhdum, Muhammad Sohail & Ali, Qamar, 2022. "The nexus between research and development, renewable energy and environmental quality: Evidence from developed and developing countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 1089-1099.
    6. Yongzhong Sha & Junyan Hu & Qingxia Zhang & Chao Wang, 2022. "Systematic Analysis of the Contributory Factors Related to Major Coach and Bus Accidents in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-24, November.

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