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Trade-off between learning and exploitation: The Pareto-optimal versus evolutionarily stable learning schedule in cumulative cultural evolution

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  • Wakano, Joe Yuichiro
  • Miura, Chiaki

Abstract

Inheritance of culture is achieved by social learning and improvement is achieved by individual learning. To realize cumulative cultural evolution, social and individual learning should be performed in this order in one’s life. However, it is not clear whether such a learning schedule can evolve by the maximization of individual fitness. Here we study optimal allocation of lifetime to learning and exploitation in a two-stage life history model under a constant environment. We show that the learning schedule by which high cultural level is achieved through cumulative cultural evolution is unlikely to evolve as a result of the maximization of individual fitness, if there exists a trade-off between the time spent in learning and the time spent in exploiting the knowledge that has been learned in earlier stages of one’s life. Collapse of a fully developed culture is predicted by a game-theoretical analysis where individuals behave selfishly, e.g., less learning and more exploiting. The present study suggests that such factors as group selection, the ability of learning-while-working (“on the job training†), or environmental fluctuation might be important in the realization of rapid and cumulative cultural evolution that is observed in humans.

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  • Wakano, Joe Yuichiro & Miura, Chiaki, 2014. "Trade-off between learning and exploitation: The Pareto-optimal versus evolutionarily stable learning schedule in cumulative cultural evolution," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 37-43.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:thpobi:v:91:y:2014:i:c:p:37-43
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2013.09.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hisashi Ohtsuki & Christoph Hauert & Erez Lieberman & Martin A. Nowak, 2006. "A simple rule for the evolution of cooperation on graphs and social networks," Nature, Nature, vol. 441(7092), pages 502-505, May.
    2. Aoki, Kenichi & Wakano, Joe Yuichiro & Lehmann, Laurent, 2012. "Evolutionarily stable learning schedules and cumulative culture in discrete generation models," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 81(4), pages 300-309.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mullon, Charles & Lehmann, Laurent, 2017. "Invasion fitness for gene–culture co-evolution in family-structured populations and an application to cumulative culture under vertical transmission," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 33-46.
    2. Ohtsuki, Hisashi & Wakano, Joe Yuichiro & Kobayashi, Yutaka, 2017. "Inclusive fitness analysis of cumulative cultural evolution in an island-structured population," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 13-23.
    3. Kobayashi, Yutaka & Ohtsuki, Hisashi & Wakano, Joe Y., 2016. "Population size vs. social connectedness — A gene-culture coevolutionary approach to cumulative cultural evolution," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 87-95.
    4. Ram, Yoav & Liberman, Uri & Feldman, Marcus W., 2019. "Vertical and oblique cultural transmission fluctuating in time and in space," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 11-19.

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