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Mate guarding in primates arises due to partner scarcity, even if the father provides no paternal care at all

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  • Loo, Sara L.
  • Rose, Danya
  • Hawkes, Kristen
  • Kim, Peter S.

Abstract

Paternal care is unusual among primates; in most species males compete with one another for the acquisition of mates and leave the raising of offspring to the mothers. Callitrichids defy this trend with both fathers and older siblings contributing to the care of offspring. We extend a two-strategy population model (paternal care versus male–male competition) to account for various mechanisms that could possibly explain why male callitrichids invest in paternal care over male–male competition, and compare results from callitrichid, chimpanzee and hunter-gatherer life history parameters. The survival benefit to offspring due to care is an insufficient explanation of callitrichid paternal care, and the additional inclusion of differences in lactation-related biology similarly do not change that picture. Instead, paternal care may arise in parallel with, or even as a result of, mate guarding, which in turn is only beneficial when partners are scarce as modelled by the birth sex ratio in callitrichids and menopause in hunter-gatherers. In that situation, care need not even provide any benefit to the young (in the form of a survival bonus) for guarding to out-compete multiple mating competition.

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  • Loo, Sara L. & Rose, Danya & Hawkes, Kristen & Kim, Peter S., 2021. "Mate guarding in primates arises due to partner scarcity, even if the father provides no paternal care at all," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 100-113.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:thpobi:v:142:y:2021:i:c:p:100-113
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2021.09.006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Gurven & Hillard Kaplan, 2007. "Longevity Among Hunter‐ Gatherers: A Cross‐Cultural Examination," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 33(2), pages 321-365, June.
    2. Rose, Danya & Hawkes, Kristen & Kim, Peter S., 2019. "Adult sex ratio as an index for male strategy in primates," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 40-50.
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