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Quantifying the forces that maintain prophages in bacterial genomes

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  • Khan, Amjad
  • Wahl, Lindi M.

Abstract

Genome sequencing has revealed that prophages, viral sequences integrated in a bacterial chromosome, are abundant, accounting for as much as 20% of the bacterial genome. These sequences can confer fitness benefits to the bacterial host, but may also instigate cell death through induction. Several recent investigations have revealed that the distribution of prophage lengths is bimodal, with a clear distinction between small and large prophages. Here we develop a mathematical model of the evolutionary forces affecting the prophage size distribution, and fit this model to three recent data sets. This approach offers quantitative estimates for the relative rates of lysogeny, induction, mutational degradation and selection acting on a wide class of prophage sequences. The model predicts that large prophages are predominantly maintained by the introduction of new prophage sequences through lysogeny, whereas shorter prophages can be enriched when they no longer encode the genes necessary for induction, but still offer selective benefits to their hosts.

Suggested Citation

  • Khan, Amjad & Wahl, Lindi M., 2020. "Quantifying the forces that maintain prophages in bacterial genomes," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 168-179.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:thpobi:v:133:y:2020:i:c:p:168-179
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2019.11.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alvaro San Millan & Macarena Toll-Riera & Qin Qi & R. Craig MacLean, 2015. "Interactions between horizontally acquired genes create a fitness cost in Pseudomonas aeruginosa," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-8, November.
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    3. Akaike, Hirotugu, 1981. "Likelihood of a model and information criteria," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 3-14, May.
    4. Xiaoxue Wang & Younghoon Kim & Qun Ma & Seok Hoon Hong & Karina Pokusaeva & Joseph M. Sturino & Thomas K. Wood, 2010. "Cryptic prophages help bacteria cope with adverse environments," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 1-9, December.
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