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Silencing distressed children in the context of war in northern Uganda: An analysis of its dynamics and its health consequences

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  • Akello, Grace
  • Reis, Ria
  • Richters, Annemiek

Abstract

Children in northern Uganda who are the focus of this article were born and raised in the context of war. The research presented here is based on a one-year ethnographic study (2004-2005) with children aged 9-16 years. Various qualitative and quantitative methods used in this study were geared to this age group. A grounded theory approach was followed to trace the reasons for the silencing of their distress. Throughout the study a child actor perspective was implemented: children were approached as social actors capable of processing social experience and devising ways of coping with life. We found that their lives were characterized by high rates of exposure to extreme events, such as deaths, child abductions, disease epidemics, gender-based violence and poverty. As a consequence, their level of emotional distress was high. However, they did not readily speak about their distress. The article identifies and analyses a complex set of reasons for children's distress and its silencing by the children themselves and other members of society. A distinction is made between the processes of victim blaming, self blaming, mimetic resilience and mirroring resilience. In addition, the consequences of the silencing children are presented. Children expressed their emotional suffering primarily in physical aches and pains and used pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines to minimize their distress. The result was a medicalization of psychological distress. In conclusion, we reflect on the necessity of a multi-pronged approach to address children's distress.

Suggested Citation

  • Akello, Grace & Reis, Ria & Richters, Annemiek, 2010. "Silencing distressed children in the context of war in northern Uganda: An analysis of its dynamics and its health consequences," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 213-220, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:71:y:2010:i:2:p:213-220
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Atwine, Benjamin & Cantor-Graae, Elizabeth & Bajunirwe, Francis, 2005. "Psychological distress among AIDS orphans in rural Uganda," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(3), pages 555-564, August.
    2. Pillay, A. L. & Lockhat, M. R., 1997. "Developing community mental health services for children in South Africa," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 45(10), pages 1493-1501, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Otake, Yuko, 2019. "Suffering of silenced people in northern Rwanda," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 171-179.
    2. Grace Akello & Ulrike Beisel, 2019. "Challenges, Distrust, and Understanding: Employing Communicative Action in Improving Trust in a Public Medical Sector in Uganda," SAGE Open, , vol. 9(4), pages 21582440198, December.
    3. Panter-Brick, Catherine & Eggerman, Mark, 2018. "The field of medical anthropology in Social Science & Medicine," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 233-239.
    4. Barber, Brian K. & McNeely, Clea & Olsen, Joseph A. & Belli, Robert F. & Doty, Samuel Benjamin, 2016. "Long-term exposure to political violence: The particular injury of persistent humiliation," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 154-166.
    5. Harnisch, Helle & Montgomery, Edith, 2017. "“What kept me going”: A qualitative study of avoidant responses to war-related adversity and perpetration of violence by former forcibly recruited children and youth in the Acholi region of northern U," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 100-108.
    6. Slagboom, M. Nienke & Crone, Mathilde R. & Reis, Ria, 2022. "Exploring syndemic vulnerability across generations: A case study of a former fishing village in the Netherlands," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).

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