The emergence of birth territory theory: Understanding the experience of giving birth in the home versus the hospital setting in Baringo and Nakuru counties of Kenya

A comprehensive, qualitative approach to research was utilized to explore the ways in which birth territory theory can illuminate the birthing experiences of women living in Baringo and Nakuru counties, and how birth territory theory can be decentered through an African case study. Research was conducted using a combination of qualitative methods including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups with adult women living in Baringo or Nakuru counties in Kenya who have previously given birth. Results suggest that multiple societal factors contribute to the experience of giving birth in Baringo and Nakuru counties including environmental barriers, gender disparities within the clinical setting and the wider community, and socio-political factors. Community-led efforts generating institutional improvements toward gender equality and health system strengthening in Baringo and Nakuru counties may improve maternal health in the region. Expansion of birth territory theory to non-western contexts may also diversify the applicability of the theory in practice.