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HIV risk behaviours among immigrant and ethnic minority gay and bisexual men in North America and Europe: A systematic review

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  • Lewis, Nathaniel M.
  • Wilson, Kathi

Abstract

HIV surveillance systems show that gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV in North American and European countries. Within the MSM category, HIV prevalence is often elevated among ethnic minority (i.e., Latino, Asian, and Black) MSM, many of whom are also foreign-born immigrants. Little research has focused specifically on foreign-born populations, though studies that provide data on the nativity of their samples offer an opportunity to investigate the potential role of transnational migration in informing HIV risk among ethnic minority MSM. This systematic review of ethnic minority MSM studies where the nativity of the sample is known provides a robust alternative to single studies measuring individual-level predictors of HIV risk behaviour. In this review, HIV prevalence, unprotected sex, drug use, and HIV testing are analysed in relation to the ethnicity, nativity, and location of the samples included. The results, which include high rates of HIV, unprotected sex, and stimulant use in foreign-born Latino samples and high rates of alcohol and club drug use in majority foreign-born Asian Pacific Islander (API) samples, provide baseline evidence for the theory of migration and HIV risk as syndemics within ethnic minority populations in North American and European countries. The findings also suggest that further research on the contextual factors influencing HIV risk among ethnic minority MSM groups and especially immigrants within these groups is needed. These factors include ethnic networks, individual post-migration transitions, and the gay communities and substance use cultures in specific destination cities. Further comparative work may also reveal how risk pathways differ across ethnic groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Lewis, Nathaniel M. & Wilson, Kathi, 2017. "HIV risk behaviours among immigrant and ethnic minority gay and bisexual men in North America and Europe: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 115-128.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:179:y:2017:i:c:p:115-128
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.033
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Millett, G.A. & Peterson, J.L. & Wolitski, R.J. & Stall, R., 2006. "Greater risk for HIV infection of black men who have sex with men: A critical literature review," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(6), pages 1007-1019.
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    4. Ramirez-Valles, J. & Garcia, D. & Campbell, R.T. & Diaz, R.M. & Heckathorn, D.D., 2008. "HIV infection, sexual risk behavior, and substance use among Latino gay and bisexual men and transgender persons," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(6), pages 1036-1042.
    5. Clemon George & Lydia Makoroka & Sean B. Rourke & Barry D. Adam & Robert S. Remis & Winston Husbands & Stanley E. Read, 2014. "HIV Testing by Black MSM in Toronto," SAGE Open, , vol. 4(2), pages 21582440145, April.
    6. Alexandra M Oster & Kate Russell & Ryan E Wiegand & Eduardo Valverde & David W Forrest & Melissa Cribbin & Binh C Le & Gabriela Paz-Bailey & NHBS Study Group, 2013. "HIV Infection and Testing among Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States: The Role of Location of Birth and Other Social Determinants," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-9, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ouafik, Maxence R. & Buret, Laetitia & Scholtes, Beatrice, 2022. "Mapping the current knowledge in syndemic research applied to men who have sex with men: A scoping review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).

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