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Income-related inequalities in cardiovascular disease from mid-life to old age in a Northern Swedish cohort: A decomposition analysis

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  • Mosquera, Paola A.
  • San Sebastian, Miguel
  • Waenerlund, Anna-Karin
  • Ivarsson, Anneli
  • Weinehall, Lars
  • Gustafsson, Per E.

Abstract

While the social determinants of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are fairly well-known, the determinants of socioeconomic inequalities in CVD are scarcely studied and almost completely based on cross-sectional designs in which the changing circumstances across the life course are not taken into account. The present study seeks to incorporate a life course approach to the social determinants of socioeconomic inequalities in CVD. The specific aims were to 1) examine how income-related inequalities in CVD change over two decades of the mid-late life course, and 2) identify the key social determinants of the inequalities at each time period. The cohort (N = 44,039) comprised all individuals aged 40–60 years in 1990 who during 1990–2010 were enrolled in the county-wide preventive effort :“Västerbotten Intervention Program” (VIP). The cohort was followed over these two decades by Swedish population register data linked within the Umeå SIMSAM Lab micro data infrastructure. First-time hospitalization for CVD and mean earned income were used to calculate the concentration index (C) during four periods of 5–6 years. The C for each period was decomposed by sociodemographic factors, using Wagstaff-type decomposition analysis. Results suggest that inequalities in CVD increase gradually from mid-life to old age; from initially non-significant to particularly marked among the elderly. The decomposition showed that, from middle to old age, educational and employment inequalities underwent a transition from initially dominant to a moderate role in explaining the health inequalities, coupled with an increasing importance of age and a stable role of income. In conclusion, the study illustrates the need for incorporating a dynamic life course perspective into research, policy and practice concerned with equity in health.

Suggested Citation

  • Mosquera, Paola A. & San Sebastian, Miguel & Waenerlund, Anna-Karin & Ivarsson, Anneli & Weinehall, Lars & Gustafsson, Per E., 2016. "Income-related inequalities in cardiovascular disease from mid-life to old age in a Northern Swedish cohort: A decomposition analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 135-144.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:149:y:2016:i:c:p:135-144
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.12.017
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    2. Minhye Kim & Suzin You & Jong-sung You & Seung-Yun Kim & Jong Heon Park, 2021. "Income-Related Mortality Inequalities and Its Social Factors among Middle-Aged and Older Adults at the District Level in Aging Seoul: An Ecological Study Using Administrative Big Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Mohamad A. Khaled & Paul Makdissi & Rami V. Tabri & Myra Yazbeck, 2018. "A framework for testing the equality between the health concentration curve and the 45‐degree line," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(5), pages 887-896, May.
    4. Xuejie Ding & Francesco C. Billari & Stuart Gietel-Basten, 2017. "Health of midlife and older adults in China: the role of regional economic development, inequality, and institutional setting," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 62(8), pages 857-867, November.

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