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Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US–Mexico border

Author

Listed:
  • Sabo, Samantha
  • Shaw, Susan
  • Ingram, Maia
  • Teufel-Shone, Nicolette
  • Carvajal, Scott
  • de Zapien, Jill Guernsey
  • Rosales, Cecilia
  • Redondo, Flor
  • Garcia, Gina
  • Rubio-Goldsmith, Raquel

Abstract

Immigration laws that militarize communities may exacerbate ethno-racial health disparities. We aimed to document the prevalence of and ways in which immigration enforcement policy and militarization of the US–Mexico border is experienced as everyday violence. Militarization is defined as the saturation of and pervasive encounters with immigration officials including local police enacting immigration and border enforcement policy with military style tactics and weapons. Data were drawn from a random household sample of US citizen and permanent residents of Mexican descent in the Arizona border region (2006–2008). Qualitative and quantitative data documented the frequency and nature of immigration related profiling, mistreatment and resistance to institutionalized victimization. Participants described living and working in a highly militarized environment, wherein immigration-related profiling and mistreatment were common immigration law enforcement practices. Approximately 25% of respondents described an immigration-related mistreatment episode, of which 62% were personally victimized. Nearly 75% of episodes occurred in a community location rather than at a US port of entry. Participant mistreatment narratives suggest the normalization of immigration-related mistreatment among the population. Given border security remains at the core of immigration reform debates, it is imperative that scholars advance the understanding of the public health impact of such enforcement policies on the daily lives of Mexican-origin US permanent residents, and their non-immigrant US citizen co-ethnics. Immigration policy that sanctions institutional practices of discrimination, such as ethno-racial profiling and mistreatment, are forms of structural racism and everyday violence. Metrics and systems for monitoring immigration and border enforcement policies and institutional practices deleterious to the health of US citizens and residents should be established.

Suggested Citation

  • Sabo, Samantha & Shaw, Susan & Ingram, Maia & Teufel-Shone, Nicolette & Carvajal, Scott & de Zapien, Jill Guernsey & Rosales, Cecilia & Redondo, Flor & Garcia, Gina & Rubio-Goldsmith, Raquel, 2014. "Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US–Mexico border," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 66-74.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:109:y:2014:i:c:p:66-74
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Philbin, Morgan M. & Flake, Morgan & Hatzenbuehler, Mark L. & Hirsch, Jennifer S., 2018. "State-level immigration and immigrant-focused policies as drivers of Latino health disparities in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 29-38.
    2. Koning, Stephanie M., 2019. "Displacement contexts and violent landscapes: How conflict and displacement structure women's lives and ongoing threats at the Thai-Myanmar border," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    3. Duncan, Dustin T. & Cook, Stephanie H. & Wood, Erica P. & Regan, Seann D. & Chaix, Basile & Tian, Yijun & Chunara, Rumi, 2023. "Structural racism and homophobia evaluated through social media sentiment combined with activity spaces and associations with mental health among young sexual minority men," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
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    5. Smith-Morris, Carolyn, 2017. "Epidemiological placism in public health emergencies: Ebola in two Dallas neighborhoods," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 106-114.
    6. Calderón-Villarreal, Alhelí & Terry, Brendan & Friedman, Joseph & González-Olachea, Sara Alejandra & Chavez, Alfonso & Díaz López, Margarita & Pacheco Bufanda, Lilia & Martinez, Carlos & Medina Ponce,, 2022. "Deported, homeless, and into the canal: Environmental structural violence in the binational Tijuana River," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    7. Getrich, Christina M. & Rapport, Kaelin & Burdette, Alaska & Ortez-Rivera, Ana & Umanzor, Delmis, 2019. "Navigating a fragmented health care landscape: DACA recipients' shifting access to health care," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 8-15.
    8. Cheney, Ann M. & Newkirk, Christine & Rodriguez, Katheryn & Montez, Anselmo, 2018. "Inequality and health among foreign-born latinos in rural borderland communities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 115-122.
    9. Stephanie M. Koning, 2024. "Protracted Chains of Violence: How Chronic Conflict and Displacement Structure Intimate Partner Violence at the Thailand-Myanmar Border," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 43(2), pages 1-29, April.

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