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Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

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  • Liu, Pan
  • Vedenov, Dmitry
  • Power, Gabriel J.

Abstract

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.

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  • Liu, Pan & Vedenov, Dmitry & Power, Gabriel J., 2020. "Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:51:y:2020:i:c:s027553191930323x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.101109
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    2. Cui, Jinxin & Maghyereh, Aktham, 2023. "Time-frequency dependence and connectedness among global oil markets: Fresh evidence from higher-order moment perspective," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 30(C).
    3. Bhattacherjee, Purba & Mishra, Sibanjan & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2024. "Extreme time-frequency connectedness across U.S. sector stock and commodity futures markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PB), pages 1176-1197.
    4. Kang, Sanghoon & Hernandez, Jose Arreola & Sadorsky, Perry & McIver, Ronald, 2021. "Frequency spillovers, connectedness, and the hedging effectiveness of oil and gold for US sector ETFs," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    5. Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Vo, Xuan Vinh & McIver, Ron & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Sensitivity of US sectoral returns to energy commodities under different investment horizons and market conditions," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    6. Hernandez, Jose Arreola & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Sadorsky, Perry & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Bouri, Elie & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Regime specific spillovers across US sectors and the role of oil price volatility," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).

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