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Modified Nafion membranes for direct alcohol fuel cells: An overview

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  • Zakil, F. Ahmad
  • Kamarudin, S.K.
  • Basri, S.

Abstract

Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) have attracted considerable attention recently as alternative energy resources due to their high efficiency compared with other types of fuel cells. Currently, the two most common types of DAFCs are direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), which use methanol and ethanol solutions as fuel, respectively. The most widely used polymer membrane for DAFCs is Nafion because it exhibits superior proton conductivity and excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability. However, Nafion membranes for DAFCs are expensive, have limited device lifetimes due to chemical and mechanical degradation, and have higher fuel crossovers through the membrane. Typically, to improve Nafion membranes, many researchers have modified Nafion membranes by modifying the Nafion matrix with organic or inorganic materials with different structures, sizes and compositions, modification techniques, or multilayered systems in order to improve the physical properties of Nafion. The characterization, properties, and performance of DAFCs from various types of modified Nafion membranes are critically reviewed by giving detailed examples. The challenges and future prospects for the modification of Nafion membranes for DAFC applications are also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Zakil, F. Ahmad & Kamarudin, S.K. & Basri, S., 2016. "Modified Nafion membranes for direct alcohol fuel cells: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 841-852.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:65:y:2016:i:c:p:841-852
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.040
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kumar, Piyush & Dutta, Kingshuk & Das, Suparna & Kundu, Patit Paban, 2014. "Membrane prepared by incorporation of crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene in the blend of PVdF-co-HFP/Nafion: A preliminary evaluation for application in DMFC," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 66-74.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ke, Yuzhi & Yuan, Wei & Zhou, Feikun & Guo, Wenwen & Li, Jinguang & Zhuang, Ziyi & Su, Xiaoqing & Lu, Biaowu & Zhao, Yonghao & Tang, Yong & Chen, Yu & Song, Jianli, 2021. "A critical review on surface-pattern engineering of nafion membrane for fuel cell applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    2. Qiu, Diankai & Peng, Linfa & Lai, Xinmin & Ni, Meng & Lehnert, Werner, 2019. "Mechanical failure and mitigation strategies for the membrane in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Sayed, Enas Taha & Nakagawa, Nobuyoshi, 2020. "Significance of diffusion layers on the performance of liquid and vapor feed passive direct methanol fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    4. Zhou, Jing & Cao, Jiamu & Zhang, Yufeng & Liu, Junfeng & Chen, Junyu & Li, Mingxue & Wang, Weiqi & Liu, Xiaowei, 2021. "Overcoming undesired fuel crossover: Goals of methanol-resistant modification of polymer electrolyte membranes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    5. Zakaria, Zulfirdaus & Kamarudin, Siti Kartom & Abd Wahid, Khairul Anuar & Abu Hassan, Saiful Hasmady, 2021. "The progress of fuel cell for malaysian residential consumption: Energy status and prospects to introduction as a renewable power generation system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).

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