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Legal framework of marine renewable energy: A review for the Atlantic region of Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Ramos, V.
  • Giannini, G.
  • Calheiros-Cabral, T.
  • Rosa-Santos, P.
  • Taveira-Pinto, F.

Abstract

Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) sources, such as offshore wind, waves, tides, ocean currents, thermal and salinity gradients, appear as promising low-carbon forms of energy. However, with the sole exception of offshore wind, MRE exploitation is far from being commercially feasible. Among the obstacles faced by the sector, the complex legal framework that applies to MRE projects stands out. In this context, the objective of this work is to assess the main aspects of the MRE legal framework, and when necessary, propose corrective measures for further development of the sector. For this purpose, the countries of the Atlantic region of Europe (France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and the UK), which present one of the world's largest MRE resource, were used as a benchmark. Overall, the adoption of marine planning policies contributes positively to the development of the sector, defining priority areas for MRE exploitation and establishing clear preference criteria with other maritime activities. Furthermore, streamlining licensing procedures and periods, ideally adopting a one-stop-shop approach like the case of Scotland, becomes essential to attract new developers and investors to the MRE sector. Finally, the examples of Ireland, Portugal and especially the UK, show that the adoption of MRE sectoral plans, including actions for financial support, technology progress and supply chain development, is essential to achieve a fully-fledged MRE industry.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramos, V. & Giannini, G. & Calheiros-Cabral, T. & Rosa-Santos, P. & Taveira-Pinto, F., 2021. "Legal framework of marine renewable energy: A review for the Atlantic region of Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:137:y:2021:i:c:s1364032120308923
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110608
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmad, Tanveer & Madonski, Rafal & Zhang, Dongdong & Huang, Chao & Mujeeb, Asad, 2022. "Data-driven probabilistic machine learning in sustainable smart energy/smart energy systems: Key developments, challenges, and future research opportunities in the context of smart grid paradigm," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    2. Teixeira-Duarte, Felipe & Clemente, Daniel & Giannini, Gianmaria & Rosa-Santos, Paulo & Taveira-Pinto, Francisco, 2022. "Review on layout optimization strategies of offshore parks for wave energy converters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    3. Shao, Meng & Zhao, Yuanxu & Sun, Jinwei & Han, Zhixin & Shao, Zhuxiao, 2023. "A decision framework for tidal current power plant site selection based on GIS-MCDM: A case study in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    4. Martinez, A. & Murphy, L. & Iglesias, G., 2023. "Evolution of offshore wind resources in Northern Europe under climate change," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    5. Roger Samsó & Júlia Crespin & Antonio García-Olivares & Jordi Solé, 2023. "Examining the Potential of Marine Renewable Energy: A Net Energy Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-35, May.
    6. Federica Cucchiella & Alessia Condemi & Marianna Rotilio & Valeria Annibaldi, 2021. "Energy Transitions in Western European Countries: Regulation Comparative Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-23, July.
    7. Martinez, A. & Iglesias, G., 2024. "Global wind energy resources decline under climate change," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    8. Giannini, Gianmaria & Rosa-Santos, Paulo & Ramos, Victor & Taveira-Pinto, Francisco, 2022. "Wave energy converters design combining hydrodynamic performance and structural assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    9. Gianmaria Giannini & Victor Ramos & Paulo Rosa-Santos & Tomás Calheiros-Cabral & Francisco Taveira-Pinto, 2022. "Hydrokinetic Power Resource Assessment in a Combined Estuarine and River Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-24, February.
    10. Majidi, Ajab Gul & Ramos, Victor & Amarouche, Khalid & Rosa Santos, Paulo & das Neves, Luciana & Taveira-Pinto, Francisco, 2023. "Assessing the impact of wave model calibration in the uncertainty of wave energy estimation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 415-429.
    11. Fouz, D.M. & Carballo, R. & López, I. & González, X.P. & Iglesias, G., 2023. "A methodology for cost-effective analysis of hydrokinetic energy projects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    12. Carrelhas, A.A.D. & Gato, L.M.C. & Morais, F.J.F., 2024. "Aerodynamic performance and noise emission of different geometries of Wells turbines under design and off-design conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    13. Amélie Têtu & Julia Fernandez Chozas, 2021. "A Proposed Guidance for the Economic Assessment of Wave Energy Converters at Early Development Stages," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-14, August.
    14. Costoya, X. & deCastro, M. & Carvalho, D. & Arguilé-Pérez, B. & Gómez-Gesteira, M., 2022. "Combining offshore wind and solar photovoltaic energy to stabilize energy supply under climate change scenarios: A case study on the western Iberian Peninsula," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    15. Henrik Zsiborács & András Vincze & Gábor Pintér & Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, 2023. "A Comparative Examination of the Electricity Saving Potentials of Direct Residential PV Energy Use in European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-19, April.

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