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Comparative analysis of tertiary control systems for smart grids using the Flex Street model

Author

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  • Claessen, F.N.
  • Claessens, B.
  • Hommelberg, M.P.F.
  • Molderink, A.
  • Bakker, V.
  • Toersche, H.A.
  • van den Broek, M.A.

Abstract

Various smart grid control systems have been developed with different architectures. Comparison helps developers identify their strong and weak points. A three-step analysis method is proposed to facilitate the comparison of independently developed control systems. In the first step, a microgrid model is created describing demand and supply patterns of controllable and non-controllable devices (Flex Street). In the second step, a version of Flex Street is used to design a case, with a given control objective and key performance indicators. In the last step, simulations of different control systems are performed and their results are analysed and compared. The Flex Street model describes a diverse set of households based on realistic data. Furthermore, its bottom-up modelling approach makes it a flexible tool for designing cases. Currently, three cases with peak-shaving objectives are developed based on scenarios of the Dutch residential sector, specifying various penetration rates of renewable and controllable devices.

Suggested Citation

  • Claessen, F.N. & Claessens, B. & Hommelberg, M.P.F. & Molderink, A. & Bakker, V. & Toersche, H.A. & van den Broek, M.A., 2014. "Comparative analysis of tertiary control systems for smart grids using the Flex Street model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 260-270.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:69:y:2014:i:c:p:260-270
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.037
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zahedi, A., 2011. "Maximizing solar PV energy penetration using energy storage technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 866-870, January.
    2. Zamora, Ramon & Srivastava, Anurag K., 2010. "Controls for microgrids with storage: Review, challenges, and research needs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(7), pages 2009-2018, September.
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    1. Mart van der Kam & Annemijn Peters & Wilfried van Sark & Floor Alkemade, 2019. "Agent-Based Modelling of Charging Behaviour of Electric Vehicle Drivers," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 22(4), pages 1-7.
    2. Hoogvliet, T.W. & Litjens, G.B.M.A. & van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., 2017. "Provision of regulating- and reserve power by electric vehicle owners in the Dutch market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 1008-1019.
    3. van der Kam, Mart & van Sark, Wilfried, 2015. "Smart charging of electric vehicles with photovoltaic power and vehicle-to-grid technology in a microgrid; a case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 20-30.
    4. Thijs Klauw & Marco E. T. Gerards & Johann L. Hurink, 2017. "Resource allocation problems in decentralized energy management," OR Spectrum: Quantitative Approaches in Management, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research e.V., vol. 39(3), pages 749-773, July.

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