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Optimal design of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) using hydrogen storage technology for data center applications

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  • Iverson, Zachariah
  • Achuthan, Ajit
  • Marzocca, Pier
  • Aidun, Daryush

Abstract

Hybrid systems consisting of a single or multiple primary sources along with a storage component are used in renewable energy production due to the wide disparity between the intermittent power generated and the power demand. Finding the optimal size of a hybrid system with no loss of power supply (LPS) is of utmost concern when considering the levelized cost of energy (LCE) of the project over its lifecycle. In this study, an optimization routine employing a search algorithm is developed to find the minimum LCE that meets zero LPS in the context of data center application. To this end, a system model is developed by integrating basic models of the subsystems. The system model is then used to investigate two different loading cases, 1) a case where the demand cannot be controlled as in the case of power demand in a residential network, and 2) a case where the demand can be controlled up to certain limits, as in the case of power demand in a data center or a data center network. Various types of controllable power demand scenarios are studied. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the life cycle costs of the system when controllable power demand is considered, especially in regions where wind and solar resources are relatively low.

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  • Iverson, Zachariah & Achuthan, Ajit & Marzocca, Pier & Aidun, Daryush, 2013. "Optimal design of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) using hydrogen storage technology for data center applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 79-87.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:52:y:2013:i:c:p:79-87
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.10.038
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    7. Keyvandarian, Ali & Saif, Ahmed, 2023. "Optimal sizing of a reliability-constrained, stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system using robust satisficing," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 569-579.
    8. Al Busaidi, Ahmed Said & Kazem, Hussein A & Al-Badi, Abdullah H & Farooq Khan, Mohammad, 2016. "A review of optimum sizing of hybrid PV–Wind renewable energy systems in oman," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 185-193.
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    10. Iqbal, M. & Azam, M. & Naeem, M. & Khwaja, A.S. & Anpalagan, A., 2014. "Optimization classification, algorithms and tools for renewable energy: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 640-654.
    11. Sorrenti, Ilaria & Harild Rasmussen, Theis Bo & You, Shi & Wu, Qiuwei, 2022. "The role of power-to-X in hybrid renewable energy systems: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    12. Janghorban Esfahani, Iman & Lee, SeungChul & Yoo, ChangKyoo, 2015. "Extended-power pinch analysis (EPoPA) for integration of renewable energy systems with battery/hydrogen storages," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1-14.
    13. Nordin, Nur Dalilah & Rahman, Hasimah Abdul, 2019. "Comparison of optimum design, sizing, and economic analysis of standalone photovoltaic/battery without and with hydrogen production systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 107-123.
    14. Scheubel, Christopher & Zipperle, Thomas & Tzscheutschler, Peter, 2017. "Modeling of industrial-scale hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) – The profitability of decentralized supply for industry," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 52-63.
    15. Ramli, Makbul A.M. & Twaha, Ssennoga & Al-Hamouz, Zakariya, 2017. "Analyzing the potential and progress of distributed generation applications in Saudi Arabia: The case of solar and wind resources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 287-297.
    16. Perera, A.T.D. & Nik, Vahid M. & Mauree, Dasaraden & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2017. "Electrical hubs: An effective way to integrate non-dispatchable renewable energy sources with minimum impact to the grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 232-248.
    17. Rostirolla, G. & Grange, L. & Minh-Thuyen, T. & Stolf, P. & Pierson, J.M. & Da Costa, G. & Baudic, G. & Haddad, M. & Kassab, A. & Nicod, J.M. & Philippe, L. & Rehn-Sonigo, V. & Roche, R. & Celik, B. &, 2022. "A survey of challenges and solutions for the integration of renewable energy in datacenters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).

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