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Small-scale (≤6 kWe) stand-alone and grid-connected photovoltaic, wind, hydroelectric, biodiesel, and wood gasification system’s simulated technical, economic, and mitigation analyses for rural regions in Western Australia

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  • McHenry, Mark P.

Abstract

This research develops models and simulations of technical performance, net emission reductions, and discounted market values of thirteen small-scale (≤6 kWe) renewable energy projects. The research uses a simple methodology suitable for small private entities and governments to compare alternative investment options for both climate change mitigation and adaptation in the southwest of Western Australia. The system simulation and modelling results indicate that privately-owned, small-scale, grid-connected renewable energy systems were not competitive options for private entities relative to sourcing electricity from electricity networks, despite subsidies. The total discounted capital and operating costs, combined with the minimal mitigation potentials of the small-scale renewable energy systems resulted in unnecessarily high electricity costs and equivalent carbon prices, relative to grid-connection and large-scale clean energy systems. In contrast, this research suggests that small-scale renewable energy systems are cost-effective for both private entities and governments and exhibit good mitigation potentials when installed in remote locations far from the electricity network, mostly displacing diesel capacity.

Suggested Citation

  • McHenry, Mark P., 2012. "Small-scale (≤6 kWe) stand-alone and grid-connected photovoltaic, wind, hydroelectric, biodiesel, and wood gasification system’s simulated technical, economic, and mitigation analyses for rural region," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 195-205.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:38:y:2012:i:1:p:195-205
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.07.032
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. McHenry, Mark P., 2011. "Integrating climate change mitigation and adaptation: Refining theory for a mathematical framework to quantify private and public cost-effectiveness, and C emissions for energy and development project," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 1166-1176.
    2. McHenry, Mark P., 2009. "Why are remote Western Australians installing renewable energy technologies in stand-alone power supply systems?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1252-1256.
    3. Parker, Rh, 1968. "Discounted Cash Flow In Historical Perspective," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 6(1), pages 58-71.
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    3. Marianna Rotilio & Chiara Marchionni & Pierluigi De Berardinis, 2017. "The Small-Scale Hydropower Plants in Sites of Environmental Value: An Italian Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-15, November.
    4. Umar, Mohd Shaharin & Jennings, Philip & Urmee, Tania, 2013. "Strengthening the palm oil biomass Renewable Energy industry in Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 107-115.
    5. McHenry, M.P., 2012. "Technical, mitigation, and financial comparisons of 6kWe grid-connected and stand-alone wood gasifiers, versus mineral diesel and biodiesel generation for rural distributed generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 428-437.
    6. Ross, S.J. & McHenry, M.P. & Whale, J., 2012. "The impact of state feed-in tariffs and federal tradable quota support policies on grid-connected small wind turbine installed capacity in Australia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 141-147.
    7. Wager, Guido & McHenry, Mark P. & Whale, Jonathan & Bräunl, Thomas, 2014. "Testing energy efficiency and driving range of electric vehicles in relation to gear selection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 303-312.
    8. John Foster & Liam Wagner & Liam Byrnes, 2014. "A Review of Distributed Generation for Rural and Remote Area Electrification," Energy Economics and Management Group Working Papers 3-2014, School of Economics, University of Queensland, Australia.
    9. McHenry, M.P. & Doepel, D. & Onyango, B.O. & Opara, U.L., 2014. "Small-scale portable photovoltaic-battery-LED systems with submersible LED units to replace kerosene-based artisanal fishing lamps for Sub-Saharan African lakes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 276-284.
    10. Weinand, Jann Michael & Scheller, Fabian & McKenna, Russell, 2020. "Reviewing energy system modelling of decentralized energy autonomy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    11. Hong, Ying-Yi & Lin, Jie-Kai, 2013. "Interactive multi-objective active power scheduling considering uncertain renewable energies using adaptive chaos clonal evolutionary programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 212-220.
    12. Bao, Huashan & Wang, Yaodong & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2014. "Modelling of a chemisorption refrigeration and power cogeneration system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 351-362.
    13. Chong, Yih Tng & Teo, Kwong Meng & Tang, Loon Ching, 2016. "A lifecycle-based sustainability indicator framework for waste-to-energy systems and a proposed metric of sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 797-809.

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