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Analysis of fouling in domestic boilers fueled with non-woody biomass

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  • Monedero, Esperanza
  • Pazo, Amparo
  • Collado, Rocío
  • Dura, Oscar J.
  • Hernández, Juan José

Abstract

The greater sustainability of agricultural and industrial wastes (non-woody biomass) when compared to the widely used high-quality forestry biomass encourages their usage in small-scale thermal devices (residential and domestic applications). However, the typical significant ash and alkali-compounds content of agro-industrial wastes may form undesirable deposits over the heat exchange surfaces that could require additional cleaning systems (thus increasing the cost and complexity of the boilers). This work analyses the fouling tendency of exhausted olive cake and almond shells when used in a biomass boiler (with a nominal thermal capacity of 55 kW) at partial and nominal load, trying to highlight the main mechanism leading to the deposits growth depending on the fuel properties and load. Inertial impaction of coarse fly ash governs deposition at partial load for almond shells, this is attributed to the low K, Cl and S content and the lower bed temperature reached (431 °C vs 528 °C at nominal load). Among the deposition mechanisms associated to K-salts condensates, direct condensation on the incipient layers dominates over thermophoresis of submicron particles at nominal load. Although no additional maintenance procedures seem to be required when using almond shells, it is highly recommended to remove K/Cl components from exhausted olive cake through prior water leaching or by using additives to retain these species in the bottom ash.

Suggested Citation

  • Monedero, Esperanza & Pazo, Amparo & Collado, Rocío & Dura, Oscar J. & Hernández, Juan José, 2024. "Analysis of fouling in domestic boilers fueled with non-woody biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:226:y:2024:i:c:s096014812400524x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.120459
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lara Febrero & Enrique Granada & David Patiño & Pablo Eguía & Araceli Regueiro, 2015. "A Comparative Study of Fouling and Bottom Ash from Woody Biomass Combustion in a Fixed-Bed Small-Scale Boiler and Evaluation of the Analytical Techniques Used," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Balint, Roland & Engblom, Markus & Niemi, Jonne & Silva da Costa, Daniel & Lindberg, Daniel & Yrjas, Patrik & Hupa, Leena & Hupa, Mikko, 2021. "Temperature gradient induced changes within superheater ash deposits high in chlorine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    3. Rocío Collado & Esperanza Monedero & Víctor Manuel Casero-Alonso & Licesio J. Rodríguez-Aragón & Juan José Hernández, 2022. "Almond Shells and Exhausted Olive Cake as Fuels for Biomass Domestic Boilers: Optimization, Performance and Pollutant Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, June.
    4. Chapela, Sergio & Cid, Natalia & Porteiro, Jacobo & Míguez, José Luis, 2020. "Numerical transient modelling of the fouling phenomena and its influence on thermal performance in a low-scale biomass shell boiler," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 309-318.
    5. Esperanza Monedero & Henar Portero & Magín Lapuerta, 2018. "Combustion of Poplar and Pine Pellet Blends in a 50 kW Domestic Boiler: Emissions and Combustion Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-17, June.
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