IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/reecon/v74y2020i2p153-173.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Female activity and education levels in selected European Union countries

Author

Listed:
  • Malinowski, Mariusz
  • Jabłońska-Porzuczek, Lidia

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present the evolution of female employment rates between 2013 and 2017 in selected Central and Eastern European countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia and Hungary), and to analyze the interregional relationships between female activity and education levels. Empirical data at a national level was analyzed with the metrics of descriptive statistics, demographic metrics and indices of the condition of the labor market. An analysis of spatial autocorrelation was carried out to determine the strength of spatial relationships between different regions in terms of female activity and education levels. Also, the dependence between synthetic indicators of female activity and education levels was empirically analyzed based on spatial regression. Research suggests that female employment rates grew on average by 6.5 percentage points in the countries surveyed. The economic activity of women is impacted by demographic factors, including the level of education. The spatial regression analysis gives grounds for concluding that (as at 2017) a 1% increase in the synthetic indicator value of the female education level results in a nearly 0.59% increase in the synthetic indicator of the level of activity in the regions considered (under the assumption that other factors remain constant).

Suggested Citation

  • Malinowski, Mariusz & Jabłońska-Porzuczek, Lidia, 2020. "Female activity and education levels in selected European Union countries," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 153-173.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reecon:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:153-173
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2020.04.002
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090944320300703
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rie.2020.04.002?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Florax, Raymond J. G. M. & Folmer, Hendrik & Rey, Sergio J., 2003. "Specification searches in spatial econometrics: the relevance of Hendry's methodology," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 557-579, September.
    2. Hans-Werner Sinn, 1999. "Pension Reform and Demographic Crisis: Why a Funded System is Needed and why it is not Needed," CESifo Working Paper Series 195, CESifo.
    3. Fionn Murtagh & Pierre Legendre, 2014. "Ward’s Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Method: Which Algorithms Implement Ward’s Criterion?," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 31(3), pages 274-295, October.
    4. van Groezen, Bas & Leers, Theo & Meijdam, Lex, 2003. "Social security and endogenous fertility: pensions and child allowances as siamese twins," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 233-251, February.
    5. Joonmo Cho & Jaeseong Lee, 2015. "Persistence of the Gender Gap and Low Employment of Female Workers in a Stratified Labor Market: Evidence from South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-27, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Toro, Francisca & Fernández-Vázquez, Esteban & Serrano, Mònica, 2024. "Who brings emissions home? Comparing female and male breadwinner households by matching techniques," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jan Zwierzchowski, 2009. "Wpływ powszechnych systemów emerytalnych na płodność," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 4, pages 75-89.
    2. repec:rri:wpaper:201303 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Meier, Volker & Wrede, Matthias, 2010. "Pensions, fertility, and education," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(1), pages 75-93, January.
    4. Chocholatá Michaela & Furková Andrea, 2017. "Regional Disparities in Education Attainment Level in the European Union: A Spatial Approach," TalTech Journal of European Studies, Sciendo, vol. 7(2), pages 107-131, October.
    5. Atems, Bebonchu, 2013. "The spatial dynamics of growth and inequality: Evidence using U.S. county-level data," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 118(1), pages 19-22.
    6. Luciano Fanti & Luca Gori, 2012. "Fertility and PAYG pensions in the overlapping generations model," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 25(3), pages 955-961, July.
    7. Yang Zaigui, 2005. "Pay-As-You-Go Public Pension Systems: Two-sided Altruism and Endogenous Growth," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 1(1), pages 1-13, June.
    8. J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz & Eduardo L. Giménez & Mikel Pérez-Nievas, 2010. "Millian Efficiency with Endogenous Fertility," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 77(1), pages 154-187.
    9. Luigi Bonatti & Lorenza Alexandra Lorenzetti, 2022. "Long-Term Economic Implications of Demeny Voting: A Theoretical Analysis," CESifo Working Paper Series 10039, CESifo.
    10. Montmartin, Benjamin & Herrera, Marcos & Massard, Nadine, 2018. "The impact of the French policy mix on business R&D: How geography matters," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(10), pages 2010-2027.
    11. Atems, Bebonchu, 2015. "Another look at tax policy and state economic growth: The long-run and short-run of it," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 64-67.
    12. Thomas Baudin, 2011. "Family Policies: What Does the Standard Endogenous Fertility Model Tell Us?," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 13(4), pages 555-593, August.
    13. Sinn, Hans-Werner, 2004. "The pay-as-you-go pension system as fertility insurance and an enforcement device," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(7-8), pages 1335-1357, July.
    14. Maksym Polyakov & Morteza Chalak & Md. Sayed Iftekhar & Ram Pandit & Sorada Tapsuwan & Fan Zhang & Chunbo Ma, 2018. "Authorship, Collaboration, Topics, and Research Gaps in Environmental and Resource Economics 1991–2015," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 71(1), pages 217-239, September.
    15. Giger, Markus & Mutea, Emily & Kiteme, Boniface & Eckert, Sandra & Anseeuw, Ward & Zaehringer, Julie G., 2020. "Large agricultural investments in Kenya’s Nanyuki Area: Inventory and analysis of business models," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    16. Vítor Martinho, 2011. "Analysis of net migration between the Portuguese regions," Working Papers 80, globADVANTAGE, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria.
    17. Borgmann, Christoph, 2002. "Labor income risk, demographic risk, and the design of (wage-indexed) social security," Discussion Papers 100, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Finanzwissenschaft.
    18. Walker, Nathan L. & Styles, David & Coughlan, Paul & Williams, A. Prysor, 2022. "Cross-sector sustainability benchmarking of major utilities in the United Kingdom," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    19. Masaya Yasuoka, 2014. "Child-care Policies and Pension in an Endogenous Fertility Model," Discussion Paper Series 114, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Jan 2014.
    20. Tsung Huang & Tsun-Feng Chiang & Jiun-Nan Pan, 2015. "Fertility and Crime: Evidence from Spatial Analysis of Taiwan," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 319-327, September.
    21. Cigno, A., 2016. "Conflict and Cooperation Within the Family, and Between the State and the Family, in the Provision of Old-Age Security," Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging, in: Piggott, John & Woodland, Alan (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 609-660, Elsevier.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Economic activity; Education levels; Labor market; Linear ordering; Spatial regression;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:reecon:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:153-173. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/622941 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.