IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/recore/v77y2013icp1-12.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Waste electric and electronic toys: Management practices and characterisation

Author

Listed:
  • Pérez-Belis, V.
  • Bovea, M.D.
  • Gómez, A.

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to characterise, both physically and chemically, waste electric and electronic toys, belonging to the category 7 of the Directive, 2012/19/UE, in order to obtain information about the generation and composition of this waste which is not widely found in the literature. For this, a campaign was designed with the aim of collecting a representative sample of waste toys in different schools in a Spanish town. Altogether 1014.25kg of waste toys were collected, of which 31.83% corresponded to the electric and electronic fraction, which is the object of study. The collected wastes were divided into subcategories and a representative sample of each was one used to characterise them physically and chemically. Physical characterisation provided information about the materials they were made of, the electrical and electronic parts, fixing and assembly systems, and so forth. The results showed that the weight of a toy is comprised of 72.30% of plastics, 12.07% of electrical and electronic components, 4.47% of metals, and 11.15% other materials. In general, the most common types of polymers were PS, PP and ABS. Chemical characterisation made it possible to analyse the composition of the plastic components, which is information that is essential to be able to determine the feasibility of recovering the resulting fractions. The results showed that the content of hazardous substances in these plastics is far below the limits stipulated in Directive 2002/95/EC (RoSH Directive). The findings of this study show a need for a specific management system for this fraction of domestic wastes and a wide range of potential reusability of the discarded toys since 65% of the toys from the collected sample worked in perfect condition. We also found that the end-of-life is one of the aspects that have not been considered during their design as both materials and disassembly sequence do not facilitate the end-of-life of this type of wastes. This information could be used to improve the ecodesign of electrical and electronic equipment toys regarding their end-of-life.

Suggested Citation

  • Pérez-Belis, V. & Bovea, M.D. & Gómez, A., 2013. "Waste electric and electronic toys: Management practices and characterisation," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 1-12.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:77:y:2013:i:c:p:1-12
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.05.002
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344913001018
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.05.002?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Barba-Gutiérrez, Y. & Adenso-Díaz, B. & Hopp, M., 2008. "An analysis of some environmental consequences of European electrical and electronic waste regulation," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(3), pages 481-495.
    2. Darby, Lauren & Obara, Louise, 2005. "Household recycling behaviour and attitudes towards the disposal of small electrical and electronic equipment," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 17-35.
    3. Lee, Jae-chun & Song, Hyo Teak & Yoo, Jae-Min, 2007. "Present status of the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Korea," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 380-397.
    4. Kang, Hai-Yong & Schoenung, Julie M., 2005. "Electronic waste recycling: A review of U.S. infrastructure and technology options," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 45(4), pages 368-400.
    5. Mohabuth, Nusruth & Miles, Nicholas, 2005. "The recovery of recyclable materials from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) by using vertical vibration separation," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 60-69.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ylä-Mella, Jenni & Poikela, Kari & Lehtinen, Ulla & Keiski, Riitta L. & Pongrácz, Eva, 2014. "Implementation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive in Finland: Evaluation of the collection network and challenges of the effective WEEE management," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 38-46.
    2. Yoshida, Aya & Terazono, Atsushi & Ballesteros, Florencio C. & Nguyen, Duc-Quang & Sukandar, Sunandar & Kojima, Michikazu & Sakata, Shozo, 2016. "E-waste recycling processes in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam: A case study of cathode ray tube TVs and monitors," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 48-58.
    3. Borthakur, Anwesha & Govind, Madhav, 2017. "Emerging trends in consumers’ E-waste disposal behaviour and awareness: A worldwide overview with special focus on India," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 117(PB), pages 102-113.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nnorom, I.C. & Osibanjo, O. & Ogwuegbu, M.O.C., 2011. "Global disposal strategies for waste cathode ray tubes," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(3), pages 275-290.
    2. Mallawarachchi, Harshani & Karunasena, Gayani, 2012. "Electronic and electrical waste management in Sri Lanka: Suggestions for national policy enhancements," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 44-53.
    3. Ylä-Mella, Jenni & Poikela, Kari & Lehtinen, Ulla & Keiski, Riitta L. & Pongrácz, Eva, 2014. "Implementation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive in Finland: Evaluation of the collection network and challenges of the effective WEEE management," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 38-46.
    4. Kaya, İhsan, 2012. "Evaluation of outsourcing alternatives under fuzzy environment for waste management," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 107-118.
    5. Abdul Khaliq & Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani & Geoffrey Brooks & Syed Masood, 2014. "Metal Extraction Processes for Electronic Waste and Existing Industrial Routes: A Review and Australian Perspective," Resources, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-28, February.
    6. Gamberini, Rita & Gebennini, Elisa & Manzini, Riccardo & Ziveri, Andrea, 2010. "On the integration of planning and environmental impact assessment for a WEEE transportation network—A case study," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 54(11), pages 937-951.
    7. Iakovou, E. & Moussiopoulos, N. & Xanthopoulos, A. & Achillas, Ch. & Michailidis, N. & Chatzipanagioti, M. & Koroneos, C. & Bouzakis, K.-D. & Kikis, V., 2009. "A methodological framework for end-of-life management of electronic products," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 53(6), pages 329-339.
    8. Borthakur, Anwesha & Govind, Madhav, 2017. "Emerging trends in consumers’ E-waste disposal behaviour and awareness: A worldwide overview with special focus on India," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 117(PB), pages 102-113.
    9. Ardente, Fulvio & Calero Pastor, Maria & Mathieux, Fabrice & Talens Peiró, Laura, 2015. "Analysis of end-of-life treatments of commercial refrigerating appliances: Bridging product and waste policies," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 42-52.
    10. Manomaivibool, Panate & Vassanadumrongdee, Sujitra, 2012. "Buying back household waste electrical and electronic equipment: Assessing Thailand's proposed policy in light of past disposal behavior and future preferences," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 117-125.
    11. Katrina N. Burns & Kan Sun & Julius N. Fobil & Richard L. Neitzel, 2016. "Heart Rate, Stress, and Occupational Noise Exposure among Electronic Waste Recycling Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, January.
    12. Phillips, Paul S. & Tudor, Terry & Bird, Helen & Bates, Margaret, 2011. "A critical review of a key Waste Strategy Initiative in England: Zero Waste Places Projects 2008–2009," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(3), pages 335-343.
    13. Lee, Michael James & Rahimifard, Shahin, 2012. "An air-based automated material recycling system for postconsumer footwear products," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 90-99.
    14. Ben Bridgens & Kersty Hobson & Debra Lilley & Jacquetta Lee & Janet L. Scott & Garrath T. Wilson, 2019. "Closing the Loop on E‐waste: A Multidisciplinary Perspective," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 23(1), pages 169-181, February.
    15. Thavalingam, Vyshnavi & Karunasena, Gayani, 2016. "Mobile phone waste management in developing countries: A case of Sri Lanka," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 34-43.
    16. Nnorom, I.C. & Osibanjo, O., 2008. "Overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management practices and legislations, and their poor applications in the developing countries," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(6), pages 843-858.
    17. Rahmani, Mehdi & Nabizadeh, Ramin & Yaghmaeian, Kamyar & Mahvi, Amir Hossein & Yunesian, Massoud, 2014. "Estimation of waste from computers and mobile phones in Iran," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 21-29.
    18. Manomaivibool, Panate, 2009. "Extended producer responsibility in a non-OECD context: The management of waste electrical and electronic equipment in India," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 136-144.
    19. Baxter, John & Gram-Hanssen, Irmelin, 2016. "Environmental message framing: Enhancing consumer recycling of mobile phones," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 96-101.
    20. Nnorom, Innocent Chidi & Osibanjo, Oladele, 2008. "Sound management of brominated flame retarded (BFR) plastics from electronic wastes: State of the art and options in Nigeria," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(12), pages 1362-1372.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:77:y:2013:i:c:p:1-12. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Kai Meng (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/resources-conservation-and-recycling .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.