IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/proeco/v278y2024ics0925527324002731.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The bright and dark sides of servitization under extended producer responsibility

Author

Listed:
  • Jin, Minyue
  • Li, Baoyong
  • Chen, Xiaoxu
  • Feng, Lipan

Abstract

Servitization has gained popularity with its concept of selling the functionality or use of a product rather than the product itself. However, the implications of EPR under servitization scenarios are not straightforward. On the one hand, servitization allows the manufacturer to retain ownership of the product, which mitigates the need for costly buyback procedures when the manufacturer is required to repurchase the end-of-use product under EPR. On the other hand, servitization expands the demand of consumers by allowing those who cannot afford the product to still use it by paying per use, thereby increasing the costs for manufacturers when it comes to recycling the product. To investigate the impact of EPR on servitization, we incorporate three distinct characteristics into the model: (i) pay-per-use pricing, (ii) the retention of product ownership, and (iii) repurchasing the end product due to EPR. The manufacturer strategically chooses among the pure sales model, servitization model, or a hybrid model that includes both options. Our findings indicate that without EPR, the manufacturer consistently prefers a hybrid model, as it provides better segmentation of different consumers. However, with EPR, the manufacturer will choose the pure sales model when the recycling rate is sufficiently high. Moreover, we find stringent EPR regulations with higher recycling rate may have negative environmental consequences. Based on these results, we emphasize the need for policymakers to carefully consider and set recycling rate.

Suggested Citation

  • Jin, Minyue & Li, Baoyong & Chen, Xiaoxu & Feng, Lipan, 2024. "The bright and dark sides of servitization under extended producer responsibility," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:278:y:2024:i:c:s0925527324002731
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2024.109416
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925527324002731
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ijpe.2024.109416?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Işıl & Vishal V. Agrawal & Atalay Atasu, 2020. "Extended Producer Responsibility for Durable Products," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(2), pages 364-382, March.
    2. Zhou, Dan & Yan, Tingting & Dai, Weiqi & Feng, Junzheng, 2021. "Disentangling the interactions within and between servitization and digitalization strategies: A service-dominant logic," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    3. Zhong, Ling & Nie, Jiajia & Yue, Xiaohang & Jin, Minyue, 2023. "Optimal design of agricultural insurance subsidies under the risk of extreme weather," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    4. Vandermerwe, Sandra & Rada, Juan, 1988. "Servitization of business: Adding value by adding services," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 6(4), pages 314-324, December.
    5. Lin Tian & Baojun Jiang & Yifan Xu, 2021. "Manufacturer’s Entry in the Product-Sharing Market," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 23(3), pages 553-568, May.
    6. Vibhanshu Abhishek & Jose A. Guajardo & Zhe Zhang, 2021. "Business Models in the Sharing Economy: Manufacturing Durable Goods in the Presence of Peer-to-Peer Rental Markets," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 32(4), pages 1450-1469, December.
    7. Xianjun Geng & Yinliang (Ricky) Tan & Lai Wei, 2018. "How Add†on Pricing Interacts with Distribution Contracts," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 27(4), pages 605-623, April.
    8. Ximin (Natalie) Huang & Atalay Atasu & L. Beril Toktay, 2019. "Design Implications of Extended Producer Responsibility for Durable Products," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(6), pages 2573-2590, June.
    9. Vishal V. Agrawal & Ioannis Bellos, 2017. "The Potential of Servicizing as a Green Business Model," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(5), pages 1545-1562, May.
    10. Yong Zha & Quan Li & Tingliang Huang & Yugang Yu, 2023. "Strategic Information Sharing of Online Platforms as Resellers or Marketplaces," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 42(4), pages 659-678, July.
    11. Erica Plambeck & Qiong Wang, 2009. "Effects of E-Waste Regulation on New Product Introduction," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(3), pages 333-347, March.
    12. Yifan Dou & Yu Jeffrey Hu & D. J. Wu, 2017. "Selling or Leasing? Pricing Information Goods with Depreciation of Consumer Valuation," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 28(3), pages 585-602, September.
    13. Mitra, Supriya & Webster, Scott, 2008. "Competition in remanufacturing and the effects of government subsidies," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(2), pages 287-298, February.
    14. Zhou, Yu & Xiong, Yu & Jin, Minyue, 2021. "Less is more: Consumer education in a closed-loop supply chain with remanufacturing," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    15. Chuang, Chia-Hung & Wang, Charles X. & Zhao, Yabing, 2014. "Closed-loop supply chain models for a high-tech product under alternative reverse channel and collection cost structures," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 108-123.
    16. Feng, Lipan & Jin, Minyue, 2022. "Platform vs. Manufacturer: Who should implement innovation in e-commerce supply chains?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    17. Xu, Xiaoping & Yan, Luling & Choi, Tsan-Ming & Cheng, T.C.E., 2023. "When Is It Wise to Use Blockchain for Platform Operations with Remanufacturing?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 309(3), pages 1073-1090.
    18. Elena Belavina & Karan Girotra & Ashish Kabra, 2017. "Online Grocery Retail: Revenue Models and Environmental Impact," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(6), pages 1781-1799, June.
    19. Konstantinos Ladas & Stylianos Kavadias & Christoph Loch, 2022. "Product Selling vs. Pay-Per-Use Service: A Strategic Analysis of Competing Business Models," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(7), pages 4964-4982, July.
    20. Anja Lambrecht & Katja Seim & Bernd Skiera, 2007. "Does Uncertainty Matter? Consumer Behavior Under Three-Part Tariffs," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 26(5), pages 698-710, 09-10.
    21. Zhang, Shuguang & Dan, Bin & Zhou, Maosen, 2019. "After-sale service deployment and information sharing in a supply chain under demand uncertainty," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 279(2), pages 351-363.
    22. Wang, Wenbin & Yang, Siqi & Xu, Lei & Yang, Xiaoli, 2019. "Carrot/stick mechanisms for collection responsibility sharing in multi-tier closed-loop supply chain management," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 366-387.
    23. Tsan-Ming Choi & Lipan Feng & Yongjian Li, 2023. "Ethical fashion supply chain operations: product development and moral hazards," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 61(4), pages 1058-1075, February.
    24. Li Chen & Hau L. Lee, 2017. "Sourcing Under Supplier Responsibility Risk: The Effects of Certification, Audit, and Contingency Payment," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(9), pages 2795-2812, September.
    25. Vishal V. Agrawal & Mark Ferguson & L. Beril Toktay & Valerie M. Thomas, 2012. "Is Leasing Greener Than Selling?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(3), pages 523-533, March.
    26. Zheng, Xiao-Xue & Li, Deng-Feng & Liu, Zhi & Jia, Fu & Lev, Benjamin, 2021. "Willingness-to-cede behaviour in sustainable supply chain coordination," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    27. Kanatlı, Mehmet Ali & Karaer, Özgen, 2022. "Servitization as an alternative business model and its implications on product durability, profitability & environmental impact," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 301(2), pages 546-560.
    28. Qin, Xuelian & Liu, Zhixue & Tian, Lin, 2020. "The strategic analysis of logistics service sharing in an e-commerce platform," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    29. Chomachaei, Fahimeh & Gal-Or, Esther & Letizia, Paolo & Roma, Paolo, 2024. "The economic viability of the sharing economy business model and its environmental impact," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 315(3), pages 1197-1209.
    30. Chen, Cheng-Kang & Ulya, M. Akmalul ', 2019. "Analyses of the reward-penalty mechanism in green closed-loop supply chains with product remanufacturing," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 211-223.
    31. Guan, Zili & Zhang, Xumei & Zhou, Maosen & Dan, Yiran, 2020. "Demand information sharing in competing supply chains with manufacturer-provided service," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    32. Xu, Xiaoping & He, Ping & Zhang, Shanshan, 2021. "Channel addition from marketplace or reselling under regional carbon cap-and-trade regulation," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    33. Jin, Minyue & Li, Baoyong & Xiong, Yu & Chakraborty, Ratula & Zhou, Yu, 2023. "Implications of coproduction technology on waste management: Who can benefit from the coproduct made of leftover materials?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 307(3), pages 1248-1259.
    34. Gökçe Esenduran & Yen-Ting Lin & Wenli Xiao & Minyue Jin, 2020. "Choice of Electronic Waste Recycling Standard Under Recovery Channel Competition," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(3), pages 495-512, May.
    35. Cao, Jian & Wu, Sisi & Kumar, Sanjay, 2023. "Recovering and remanufacturing to fulfill EPR regulation in the presence of secondary market," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    36. Sun, Mingyao & Ng, Chi To & Yang, Liu & Zhang, Tianhua, 2024. "Optimal after-sales service offering strategy: Additive manufacturing, traditional manufacturing, or hybrid?," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    37. Zhou, Wenhui & Zheng, Yanfang & Huang, Weixiang, 2017. "Competitive advantage of qualified WEEE recyclers through EPR legislation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 257(2), pages 641-655.
    38. Jin, Minyue & Li, Gendao & Reimann, Marc, 2022. "Team of rivals: How should original equipment manufacturers cooperate with independent remanufacturers via authorisation?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 296(3), pages 837-845.
    39. Huang, Min & Song, Min & Lee, Loo Hay & Ching, Wai Ki, 2013. "Analysis for strategy of closed-loop supply chain with dual recycling channel," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(2), pages 510-520.
    40. Sridhar Balasubramanian & Shantanu Bhattacharya & Vish V. Krishnan, 2015. "Pricing Information Goods: A Strategic Analysis of the Selling and Pay-per-Use Mechanisms," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 34(2), pages 218-234, March.
    41. Adem Örsdemir & Vinayak Deshpande & Ali K. Parlaktürk, 2019. "Is Servicization a Win-Win Strategy? Profitability and Environmental Implications of Servicization," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 21(3), pages 674-691, July.
    42. Fang Tian & Greys Sošić & Laurens Debo, 2019. "Manufacturers’ Competition and Cooperation in Sustainability: Stable Recycling Alliances," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(10), pages 4733-4753, October.
    43. Xiao Huang & Dan Zhang, 2020. "Service Product Design and Consumer Refund Policies," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 39(2), pages 366-381, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhou, Xiaoyang & Pang, Bowen & Tang, Runyu, 2025. "As a service or a product? A comparison of electric vehicle battery supply models," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    2. Chomachaei, Fahimeh & Gal-Or, Esther & Letizia, Paolo & Roma, Paolo, 2024. "The economic viability of the sharing economy business model and its environmental impact," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 315(3), pages 1197-1209.
    3. Chen Jin & Luyi Yang & Cungen Zhu, 2023. "Right to Repair: Pricing, Welfare, and Environmental Implications," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(2), pages 1017-1036, February.
    4. Cao, Jian & Wu, Sisi & Kumar, Sanjay, 2023. "Recovering and remanufacturing to fulfill EPR regulation in the presence of secondary market," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    5. De, Arijit & Ray, Ankita & Kundu, Tanmoy & Sheu, Jiuh-Biing, 2023. "Is it wise to compete or to collaborate? Remanufacturing business models under collective extended producer responsibility legislation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    6. Alegoz, Mehmet & Karaer, Özgen, 2024. "Compound effect of closing the loop and servitization in supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    7. Pang, Chen & Li, Gang & Jiang, Li, 2023. "Leveraging strategic consumer behavior in consumer-to-consumer resale: From economic and environmental perspectives," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    8. Li, Lin & Li, Guo, 2023. "Integrating logistics service or not? The role of platform entry strategy in an online marketplace," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    9. Qin, Xuelian & Liu, Zhixue & Tian, Lin, 2021. "The optimal combination between selling mode and logistics service strategy in an e-commerce market," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 289(2), pages 639-651.
    10. Shiqi Xu & Hui Liu & Guangye Xu, 2021. "Selection of Recycling Channels and Product Eco-Design with Take-Back Regulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    11. Wang, Wenbin & Yang, Siqi & Xu, Lei & Yang, Xiaoli, 2019. "Carrot/stick mechanisms for collection responsibility sharing in multi-tier closed-loop supply chain management," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 366-387.
    12. Rashidi-Sabet, Siavash & Madhavaram, Sreedhar & Parvatiyar, Atul, 2022. "Strategic solutions for the climate change social dilemma: An integrative taxonomy, a systematic review, and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 619-635.
    13. Kong, Junjun & Chua, Geoffrey A. & Yang, Feng, 2023. "Firms’ cooperation on recycling investments in a three-echelon reverse supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    14. Pietro De Giovanni & Georges Zaccour, 2022. "A selective survey of game-theoretic models of closed-loop supply chains," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 314(1), pages 77-116, July.
    15. Kanatlı, Mehmet Ali & Karaer, Özgen, 2022. "Servitization as an alternative business model and its implications on product durability, profitability & environmental impact," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 301(2), pages 546-560.
    16. Aditya Vedantam & Emre M. Demirezen & Subodha Kumar, 2021. "Trade‐In or Sell in My P2P Marketplace: A Game Theoretic Analysis of Profit and Environmental Impact," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(11), pages 3923-3942, November.
    17. Wan, Yao & Yang, Lei & Zhang, Jiahua & Feng, Lipan, 2024. "Optimal trade-in programs for quality differentiated recycled products," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    18. Pietro Giovanni & Georges Zaccour, 2019. "A selective survey of game-theoretic models of closed-loop supply chains," 4OR, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 1-44, March.
    19. Haitao Chen & Qiang Xu & Zhaohui Dong & Hetian Zhao, 2023. "Recycling Versus Leasing in Closed-Loop Supply Chain: A Comparative Analysis Anchored on Consumer Ownership Perceptions," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.
    20. Jin, Minyue & Li, Baoyong & Xiong, Yu & Chakraborty, Ratula & Zhou, Yu, 2023. "Implications of coproduction technology on waste management: Who can benefit from the coproduct made of leftover materials?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 307(3), pages 1248-1259.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:278:y:2024:i:c:s0925527324002731. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpe .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.