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On risk and cost in global sourcing

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  • Holweg, Matthias
  • Reichhart, Andreas
  • Hong, Eui

Abstract

The benefits of global sourcing as part of a firm's purchasing strategy have been widely discussed in the academic literature, yet so there are few models that provide a comprehensive risk and cost assessment to guide managerial decision-making. In particular, few models capture the dynamic nature of many cost drivers, such as transportation and energy cost, labour cost inflation, or carbon offset costs, in their calculations. In this paper, we define three basic cost elements in global sourcing: static, dynamic and hidden cost, and use this framework to assess the costs and risks inherent in global sourcing scenarios from three different points of view: conceptually, analytically and empirically. We highlight the key learning points from each perspective and propose a total cost model of how to make informed global sourcing decisions, which we test by applying it to three exploratory case studies of global sourcing arrangements.

Suggested Citation

  • Holweg, Matthias & Reichhart, Andreas & Hong, Eui, 2011. "On risk and cost in global sourcing," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(1), pages 333-341, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:131:y:2011:i:1:p:333-341
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    Cited by:

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    7. Lorentz, Harri & Kumar, Mukesh & Srai, Jagjit Singh, 2018. "Managing distance in international purchasing and supply: a systematic review of literature from the resource-based view perspective," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 339-354.
    8. Fleury, Afonso & Fleury, Maria Tereza Leme & Borini, Felipe Mendes, 2012. "Is production the core competence for the internationalization of emerging country firms?," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(1), pages 439-449.
    9. Pumpe, Andreas & Vallée, Franz, 2015. "The Total Landed Cost Concept. Begging for Answers," Chapters from the Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL), in: Blecker, Thorsten & Kersten, Wolfgang & Ringle, Christian M. (ed.), Operational Excellence in Logistics and Supply Chains: Optimization Methods, Data-driven Approaches and Security Insights. Proceedings of the Hamburg , volume 22, pages 31-54, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Business Logistics and General Management.
    10. Golini, Ruggero & Kalchschmidt, Matteo, 2015. "Managing inventories in global sourcing contexts: A contingency perspective," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 64-78.
    11. Tran Manh Ha & Doan Ngoc Thang, 2023. "Economic sanction and global sourcing complexity: A cross‐country analysis," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(4), pages 1017-1050, April.
    12. Lorentz, Harri & Töyli, Juuso & Solakivi, Tomi & Ojala, Lauri, 2016. "The effect of a geographically dispersed supply base on downside risk: Developing and testing the N-shaped theory," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(4), pages 872-882.
    13. Doan, Ngoc Thang, 2023. "Cultural proximity and global value chains," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 106-120.
    14. Yong Wu, 2022. "Case Article—Integrating Network Design Models for a Global Supply Network," INFORMS Transactions on Education, INFORMS, vol. 22(3), pages 172-175, May.
    15. Dachs, Bernhard & Kinkel, Steffen & Jäger, Angela, 2019. "Bringing it all back home? Backshoring of manufacturing activities and the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 54(6), pages 1-1.
    16. Paolo Barbieri & Clio Dosi & Matteo Vignoli, 2023. "Implementing reshoring: insights and principles from a longitudinal case study in the e-bike industry," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 555-573, June.
    17. Horn, Philipp & Scheffler, Paul & Schiele, Holger, 2014. "Internal integration as a pre-condition for external integration in global sourcing: A social capital perspective," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 54-65.
    18. Ancarani, Alessandro & Di Mauro, Carmela & Fratocchi, Luciano & Orzes, Guido & Sartor, Marco, 2015. "Prior to reshoring: A duration analysis of foreign manufacturing ventures," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 141-155.
    19. Stephan Vachon & Sara Hajmohammad, 2016. "Supply chain uncertainty and environmental management," Asian Journal of Sustainability and Social Responsibility, Springer, vol. 1(1), pages 77-89, December.
    20. Lorentz, Harri & Kittipanya-ngam, Pichawadee & Singh Srai, Jagjit, 2013. "Emerging market characteristics and supply network adjustments in internationalising food supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(1), pages 220-232.
    21. Moser, Roger & Narayanamurthy, Gopalakrishnan & Kusaba, Keiko & Kaiser, Gernot, 2018. "Performance of low-cost country sourcing projects – Conceptual model & empirical analysis," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 30-43.
    22. Neale G. O’Connor & Yan Du & Zhilin Yang & Mohammadreza Akbari, 2023. "Managing from a distance in international purchasing and supply," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 594-619, June.
    23. Amy V. Benstead & Mark Stevenson & Linda C. Hendry, 2017. "Why and how do firms reshore? A contingency-based conceptual framework," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 10(3), pages 85-103, December.
    24. Eduardsen, Jonas & Marinova, Svetla, 2020. "Internationalisation and risk: Literature review, integrative framework and research agenda," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(3).
    25. Li, Ying & Shou, Yongyi & Ding, Ronggui & Sun, Tao & Zhou, Qing, 2019. "Governing local sourcing practices of overseas projects for the Belt and Road Initiative: A framework and evaluation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 212-226.

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