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Inequality in death from social conflicts: A Gini & Kolkata indices-based study

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  • Sinha, Antika
  • Chakrabarti, Bikas K.

Abstract

Human deaths caused by individual man-made conflicts (e.g., wars, armed-conflicts, terrorist-attacks etc.) occur unequally across the events (conflicts) and such inequality (in deaths) have been studied here using Lorenz curve and values of the inequality indices Gini (g) and Kolkata (k) have been estimated from it. The data are taken from various well-known databases maintained by some Universities and Peace Research Institutes. The inequality measures for man-made conflicts are found to have very high values (g=0.82±0.02, k=0.84±0.02), which is rarely seen in economic (income or wealth) inequality measures across the world (g≤0.4, k≤0.6; presumably because of various welfare measures). We also investigated the inequalities in human deaths from natural disasters (like earthquakes, floods, etc.). Interestingly, we observe that the social inequality measures (g and k values) from man-made conflicts compare well with those of academic centers (inequality in citations; found in earlier studies) of different institutions of the world, while those for natural disasters can be even higher. We discuss about the ‘similarity classes’ of social inequality (similar higher values of g and k indices) for man-made competitive societies like academic institutions and man-made social conflicts, and connect our observations with that of the growing recent trend of economic inequality across the world (with rapid disappearance of welfare strategies).

Suggested Citation

  • Sinha, Antika & Chakrabarti, Bikas K., 2019. "Inequality in death from social conflicts: A Gini & Kolkata indices-based study," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 527(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:527:y:2019:i:c:s0378437119307162
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2019.121185
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Angela Ujunwa & Chinwe Okoyeuzu & Nelson Nkwor & Augustine Ujunwa, 2021. "Potential Impact of Climate Change and Armed Conflict on Inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 89(4), pages 480-498, December.
    2. Meng Tian & Lei Yuan & Renzhong Guo & Yongsheng Wu & Xiaojian Liu, 2022. "Evaluations of Spatial Accessibility and Equity of Multi-Tiered Medical System: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Ruz, Soumendra Nath, 2023. "Amazing aspects of inequality indices (Gini and Kolkata Index) of COVID-19 confirmed cases in India," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 632(P2).
    4. Ghosh, Asim & Chakrabarti, Bikas K., 2021. "Limiting value of the Kolkata index for social inequality and a possible social constant," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 573(C).

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