IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v435y2015icp89-94.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Universal laws of human society’s income distribution

Author

Listed:
  • Tao, Yong

Abstract

General equilibrium equations in economics play the same role with many-body Newtonian equations in physics. Accordingly, each solution of the general equilibrium equations can be regarded as a possible microstate of the economic system. Since Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem and Rawls’ principle of social fairness will provide a powerful support for the hypothesis of equal probability, then the principle of maximum entropy is available in a just and equilibrium economy so that an income distribution will occur spontaneously (with the largest probability). Remarkably, some scholars have observed such an income distribution in some democratic countries, e.g. USA. This result implies that the hypothesis of equal probability may be only suitable for some “fair” systems (economic or physical systems). From this meaning, the non-equilibrium systems may be “unfair” so that the hypothesis of equal probability is unavailable.

Suggested Citation

  • Tao, Yong, 2015. "Universal laws of human society’s income distribution," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 435(C), pages 89-94.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:435:y:2015:i:c:p:89-94
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2015.05.001
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437115004161
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.physa.2015.05.001?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anirban Chakraborti & Damien Challet & Arnab Chatterjee & Matteo Marsili & Yi-Cheng Zhang & Bikas K. Chakrabarti, 2013. "Statistical Mechanics of Competitive Resource Allocation using Agent-based Models," Papers 1305.2121, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2014.
    2. Stanley, H.E. & Afanasyev, V. & Amaral, L.A.N. & Buldyrev, S.V. & Goldberger, A.L. & Havlin, S. & Leschhorn, H. & Maass, P. & Mantegna, R.N. & Peng, C.-K. & Prince, P.A. & Salinger, M.A. & Stanley, M., 1996. "Anomalous fluctuations in the dynamics of complex systems: from DNA and physiology to econophysics," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 224(1), pages 302-321.
    3. Yong Tao, 2012. "Spontaneous Economic Order," Papers 1210.0898, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2013.
    4. Foley Duncan K., 1994. "A Statistical Equilibrium Theory of Markets," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 321-345, April.
    5. Mas-Colell, Andreu & Whinston, Michael D. & Green, Jerry R., 1995. "Microeconomic Theory," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195102680.
    6. Yong Tao, 2010. "Competitive market for multiple firms and economic crisis," Papers 1010.1413, arXiv.org.
    7. Adrian Dragulescu & Victor M. Yakovenko, 2000. "Statistical mechanics of money," Papers cond-mat/0001432, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2000.
    8. A. Drăgulescu & V.M. Yakovenko, 2001. "Evidence for the exponential distribution of income in the USA," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 20(4), pages 585-589, April.
    9. Hideaki Aoyama & Hiroshi Yoshikawa & Hiroshi Iyetomi & Yoshi Fujiwara, 2010. "Productivity dispersion: facts, theory, and implications," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 5(1), pages 27-54, June.
    10. Victor M. Yakovenko & J. Barkley Rosser, 2009. "Colloquium: Statistical mechanics of money, wealth, and income," Papers 0905.1518, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2009.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tao, Yong, 2020. "Self-referential Boltzmann machine," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 545(C).
    2. Yong Tao & Xiangjun Wu & Tao Zhou & Weibo Yan & Yanyuxiang Huang & Han Yu & Benedict Mondal & Victor M. Yakovenko, 2019. "Exponential structure of income inequality: evidence from 67 countries," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 14(2), pages 345-376, June.
    3. Gündüz, Güngör & Kuzucuoğlu, Mahmut & Gündüz, Yalın, 2022. "Entropic characterization of Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP) values of countries," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 603(C).
    4. Tao, Yong, 2021. "Boltzmann-like income distribution in low and middle income classes: Evidence from the United Kingdom," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 578(C).
    5. Tao, Yong & Wu, Xiangjun & Li, Changshuai, 2017. "Rawls' fairness, income distribution and alarming level of Gini coefficient," Economics Discussion Papers 2017-67, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    6. Tao, Yong, 2018. "Swarm intelligence in humans: A perspective of emergent evolution," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 502(C), pages 436-446.
    7. Tao, Yong & Sornette, Didier & Lin, Li, 2021. "Emerging social brain: A collective self-motivated Boltzmann machine," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yong Tao, 2015. "Universal Laws of Human Society's Income Distribution," Papers 1506.05418, arXiv.org.
    2. Yong Tao & Xiangjun Wu & Tao Zhou & Weibo Yan & Yanyuxiang Huang & Han Yu & Benedict Mondal & Victor M. Yakovenko, 2019. "Exponential structure of income inequality: evidence from 67 countries," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 14(2), pages 345-376, June.
    3. Tao, Yong, 2021. "Boltzmann-like income distribution in low and middle income classes: Evidence from the United Kingdom," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 578(C).
    4. Markus P. A. Schneider, 2018. "Revisiting the thermal and superthermal two-class distribution of incomes: A critical perspective," Papers 1804.06341, arXiv.org.
    5. Cui, Lijie & Lin, Chuandong, 2021. "A simple and efficient kinetic model for wealth distribution with saving propensity effect: Based on lattice gas automaton," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 561(C).
    6. Kaldasch, Joachim, 2012. "Evolutionary model of the personal income distribution," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(22), pages 5628-5642.
    7. Yong Tao & Xiangjun Wu & Changshuai Li, 2014. "Rawls' Fairness, Income Distribution and Alarming Level of Gini Coefficient," Papers 1409.3979, arXiv.org.
    8. Gregor Semieniuk & Victor M. Yakovenko, 2020. "Historical Evolution of Global Inequality in Carbon Emissions and Footprints versus Redistributive Scenarios," Papers 2004.00111, arXiv.org.
    9. Nikolaos Papanikolaou, 2020. "The Econophysics of Labor Income," Bulletin of Applied Economics, Risk Market Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 107-122.
    10. Hosseiny, Ali & Gallegati, Mauro, 2017. "Role of intensive and extensive variables in a soup of firms in economy to address long run prices and aggregate data," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 470(C), pages 51-59.
    11. Garanina, O.S. & Romanovsky, M.Yu., 2015. "New multi-parametric analytical approximations of exponential distribution with power law tails for new cars sells and other applications," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 427(C), pages 1-9.
    12. Ellis Scharfenaker, 2022. "Statistical Equilibrium Methods In Analytical Political Economy," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(2), pages 276-309, April.
    13. Scott Lawrence & Qin Liu & Victor M. Yakovenko, 2013. "Global inequality in energy consumption from 1980 to 2010," Papers 1312.6443, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2014.
    14. Jangho Yang, 2023. "Information‐theoretic model of induced technical change: Theory and empirics," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(1), pages 2-39, February.
    15. Ellis Scharfenaker, Markus P.A. Schneider, 2019. "Labor Market Segmentation and the Distribution of Income: New Evidence from Internal Census Bureau Data," Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, University of Utah 2019_08, University of Utah, Department of Economics.
    16. Shaikh, Anwar & Jacobo, Juan Esteban, 2020. "Economic Arbitrage and the Econophysics of Income Inequality," Review of Behavioral Economics, now publishers, vol. 7(4), pages 299–315-2, December.
    17. Boghosian, Bruce M. & Devitt-Lee, Adrian & Johnson, Merek & Li, Jie & Marcq, Jeremy A. & Wang, Hongyan, 2017. "Oligarchy as a phase transition: The effect of wealth-attained advantage in a Fokker–Planck description of asset exchange," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 476(C), pages 15-37.
    18. Costas Efthimiou & Adam Wearne, 2016. "Household Income Distribution in the USA," Papers 1602.06234, arXiv.org.
    19. Mimkes, Jürgen, 2010. "Stokes integral of economic growth," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(8), pages 1665-1676.
    20. Paulo L. dos Santos, 2017. "The Principle of Social Scaling," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2017, pages 1-9, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:435:y:2015:i:c:p:89-94. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.