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Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

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  • Feng, Sha-Sha
  • Qiang, Cheng-Cang

Abstract

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.

Suggested Citation

  • Feng, Sha-Sha & Qiang, Cheng-Cang, 2013. "Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(19), pages 4675-4682.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:392:y:2013:i:19:p:4675-4682
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2013.05.033
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bernd Blasius & Amit Huppert & Lewi Stone, 1999. "Complex dynamics and phase synchronization in spatially extended ecological systems," Nature, Nature, vol. 399(6734), pages 354-359, May.
    2. Martin J. Osborne & Ariel Rubinstein, 1994. "A Course in Game Theory," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262650401, April.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Han, Xiaozhuo & Chen, Baoying & Hui, Cang, 2016. "Symmetry breaking in cyclic competition by niche construction," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 284(C), pages 66-78.
    2. Park, Junpyo & Jang, Bongsoo, 2021. "Structural stability of coexistence in evolutionary dynamics of cyclic competition," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 394(C).
    3. Yang, Ryoo Kyung & Park, Junpyo, 2023. "Evolutionary dynamics in the cyclic competition system of seven species: Common cascading dynamics in biodiversity," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 175(P1).
    4. Park, Junpyo & Jang, Bongsoo, 2023. "Role of adaptive intraspecific competition on collective behavior in the rock–paper–scissors game," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    5. Park, Junpyo, 2018. "Balancedness among competitions for biodiversity in the cyclic structured three species system," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 320(C), pages 425-436.

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