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Small-angle Rayleigh scattering from nonequilibrium fluctuations in liquids and liquid mixtures

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  • Li, W.B.
  • Segrè, P.N.
  • Gammon, R.W.
  • Sengers, J.V.

Abstract

We have developed an improved experimental arrangement for measuring small-angle Rayleigh scattering in liquid systems subjected to a stationary temperature gradient. This improved arrangement has enabled us to measure nonequilibrium fluctuations with a simple helium-neon laser. We have used this technique to measure long-range nonequilibrium fluctuations in n-hexane and in several mixtures of n-hexane with toluene, thus complementing measurements for the equimolar mixture obtained previously. The experiments confirm that all diffusive nonequilibrium fluctuations vary with (▿T)2/k4, where ▿T is the imposed temperature gradient and where k is the wave number of the fluctuations. A quantitative comparison of the strength of these nonequilibrium fluctuations with the theoretical predictions is also presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, W.B. & Segrè, P.N. & Gammon, R.W. & Sengers, J.V., 1994. "Small-angle Rayleigh scattering from nonequilibrium fluctuations in liquids and liquid mixtures," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 204(1), pages 399-436.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:204:y:1994:i:1:p:399-436
    DOI: 10.1016/0378-4371(94)90440-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. De Schepper, I.M. & Van Rijs, J.C. & Cohen, E.G.D., 1985. "Sound propagation gaps from the navier-stokes equations," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 134(1), pages 1-26.
    2. Vidal, D. & Guengant, L. & Lallemand, M., 1979. "Vitesse des ultrasons dans les gaz rares sous haute pression a la temperature de 298.15 K," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 96(3), pages 545-560.
    3. Joël Allain & Catherine Blum-Girardeau, 1980. "Le commerce de détail de 1968 à 1978," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 118(1), pages 3-14.
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    Cited by:

    1. Povodyrev, A.A. & Anisimov, M.A. & Sengers, J.V. & Levelt Sengers, J.M.H., 1997. "Vapor-liquid equilibria, scaling, and crossover in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride near the critical line," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 244(1), pages 298-328.
    2. Anisimov, M.A & Gorodetskii, E.E & Kulikov, V.D & Povodyrev, A.A & Sengers, J.V, 1995. "A general isomorphism approach to thermodynamic and transport properties of binary fluid mixtures near critical points," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 220(3), pages 277-324.
    3. Bardow, André & Christian Öttinger, Hans, 2007. "Consequences of the Brenner modification to the Navier–Stokes equations for dynamic light scattering," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 373(C), pages 88-96.

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