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Repeated trade and the velocity of money

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  • Dubey, Pradeep
  • Sahi, Siddharta
  • Shubik, Martin

Abstract

There are two sources of inefficiency of strategic equilibria (SE) in market mechanisms. The first is the oligopolistic effect, which occurs when an agent can single-handedly influence prices. With a continuum of agents we get "perfect competition" and this effect is, of course, wiped out. But the inefficiency of SE's may nevertheless persist because agents are not "perfectly liquid," i.e., the constraints of the mechanism are such that they cannot carry out arbitrary trades at the market prices. Our main result is that, if enough repeated rounds of trade are permitted within a single utility period, then the liquidity problem is overcome: SE outcomes turn out to be not only efficient but, in fact, Walrasian.
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  • Dubey, Pradeep & Sahi, Siddharta & Shubik, Martin, 1993. "Repeated trade and the velocity of money," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 125-137.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:mateco:v:22:y:1993:i:2:p:125-137
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dubey, Pradeep & Mas-Colell, Andreau & Shubik, Martin, 1980. "Efficiency properties of strategies market games: An axiomatic approach," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 339-362, April.
    2. Dubey, Pradeep, 1982. "Price-Quantity Strategic Market Games," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(1), pages 111-126, January.
    3. Shapley, Lloyd S & Shubik, Martin, 1977. "Trade Using One Commodity as a Means of Payment," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 85(5), pages 937-968, October.
    4. Pradeep Dubey & Lloyd S. Shapley, 1977. "Noncooperative Exchange with a Continuum of Traders," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 447, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    5. Amir, Rabah & Sahi, Siddharta & Shubik, Martin & Yao, Shuntian, 1990. "A strategic market game with complete markets," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 126-143, June.
    6. Pradeep Dubey & Martin Shubik, 1979. "A Strategic Market Game with Price and Quantity Strategies," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 521, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ghosal, Sayantan & Morelli, Massimo, 2004. "Retrading in market games," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 115(1), pages 151-181, March.
    2. Mouhua Liao, 2019. "A Multi-Stage Market Game that Implements any Walrasian Allocation in any Pure-Exchange Environment," Working Papers 2019-07-03, Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics (WISE), Xiamen University.
    3. Jamsheed Shorish, 2010. "Functional rational expectations equilibria in market games," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 43(3), pages 351-376, June.
    4. Gaêl Giraud, 2007. "The Limit-price dynamics - uniqueness, computability and comparative dynamics in competitive markets," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne b07020, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne.
    5. Sjur Didrik Flåm, 2020. "Emergence of price-taking Behavior," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 70(3), pages 847-870, October.
    6. Irasema Alonso, 1991. "Patterns of exchange, fiat money and the welfare costs of inflation," Economics Working Papers 63, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Sep 1993.
    7. Gaël Giraud, 2007. "Walrasian Non-tatonnement with Incomplete and Imperfectly Competitive Markets," Post-Print halshs-00155717, HAL.
    8. Gaël Giraud, 2004. "The limit-price exchange process," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques b04118, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    9. Martin Shubik, 2016. "Three Lectures on the Theory of Money and Financial Institutions: Lecture 1: A Nontechnical Overview," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 2036, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    10. Liao, Mouhua, 2016. "A market game with symmetric limit orders," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 66-76.
    11. Martin Shubik, 2016. "Three Essays on the Theory of Money and Financial Institutions: Essay 1: A Nontechnical Overview," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 2036R, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    12. Giraud, Gael, 2003. "Strategic market games: an introduction," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(5-6), pages 355-375, July.
    13. Martin Shubik & Shuntian Yao, 1992. "Transactions Loans, Intertemporal Loans, Variable Velocity, the Rates of Interest and Commodity Money: Part 1. Transactions Loans," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1014, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    14. Thomas Quint & Martin Shubik, 2004. "A Consumable Money. An Elementary Discussion of Commodity Money, Fiat Money and Credit: Part I," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1455, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.

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