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The consequences for stream water quality of long-term changes in landscape patterns: Implications for land use management and policies

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  • Fernandes, António Carlos Pinheiro
  • de Oliveira Martins, Lisa Maria
  • Pacheco, Fernando António Leal
  • Fernandes, Luís Filipe Sanches

Abstract

The preservation of water resources is a worldwide goal that requires continuous research to support the action of decision-makers. The learning about water quality is paramount in that regard to assess the complex interactions between surface waters and pollution sources. To assess the impact of diffuse pressures, many authors established nexus between landscape metrics and surface water quality. The present study used that approach in a Portuguese urban catchment, the Ave River Basin. The relation between landscape metrics and eight surface water quality parameters was studied during 26 hydrological years, based on the Spearman's rank correlation analysis. The correlation analysis exposed strong relationships between water quality and parameters that describe land use composition or configuration. During the studied period, even in recent years, the water quality parameters reached concentrations above the legally recommended limits. The most concerning parameters were ammoniacal nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and total orthophosphate. Among the analysed metrics, Shannon's diversity index, percentage of urban areas, and the percentage of agricultural edges that are shared with artificial areas were the most preoccupying land use characteristics that indicate degradation of water resources. Besides the correlations, the study calculated the variation rates of land use maps relative to the years of 1995, 2007, 2010, 2015 and 2018. The results of correlation analysis and land use changes identified actions for the short-term that could improve water quality in the Ave River, namely a reduction in agricultural fields and an increase of forest edges density. In the long-term, water quality improvements could be accomplished through the decrease of artificial surfaces, the increase of forested areas and edges surrounding agricultural fields.

Suggested Citation

  • Fernandes, António Carlos Pinheiro & de Oliveira Martins, Lisa Maria & Pacheco, Fernando António Leal & Fernandes, Luís Filipe Sanches, 2021. "The consequences for stream water quality of long-term changes in landscape patterns: Implications for land use management and policies," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:109:y:2021:i:c:s0264837721004026
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105679
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arnim Wiek & Kelli Larson, 2012. "Water, People, and Sustainability—A Systems Framework for Analyzing and Assessing Water Governance Regimes," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(11), pages 3153-3171, September.
    2. Long, Kaisheng & Omrani, Hichem & Pijanowski, Bryan C., 2020. "Impact of local payments for ecosystem services on land use in a developed area of China: A qualitative analysis based on an integrated conceptual framework," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    3. Hauke Jan & Kossowski Tomasz, 2011. "Comparison of Values of Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 30(2), pages 87-93, June.
    4. Duffy, Colm & O'Donoghue, Cathal & Ryan, Mary & Kilcline, Kevin & Upton, Vincent & Spillane, Charles, 2020. "The impact of forestry as a land use on water quality outcomes: An integrated analysis," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
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    1. Zhuoya Zhang & Jiaxi Li & Zheneng Hu & Wanxiong Zhang & Hailong Ge & Xiaona Li, 2023. "Impact of Land Use/Land Cover and Landscape Pattern on Water Quality in Dianchi Lake Basin, Southwest of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-20, February.

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